AND THE FISH THEREOF. 19 



appearance of this small bivalve) ; also Tcthya lyncurium, a species of sponge 

 rendered firm by containing numerous needles of flint throughout its sub- 

 stance, extending to Celtic waters. 



The Crustaceans Lambrns angulifrons, L. masscna, Dromia vulgaris, 

 Ethusa mascarone, Eurynoiue scutellata, Maja vej'rucosa, are here charac- 

 teristic. 



Annellides are less abundant. The most characteristic are Cerebratulus 

 spectabilis, Meckelia annulata, and a beautiful violet Eunice, new to the 

 European fauna, discovered and described by Dr. Grube : l it is similar to 

 the E. violacea of Oersted, though only half its size, viz., 2\ inches long. 



The characteristic species in this zone are the univalves Eusus rostratus, 

 Ovula spelta, and Dentalium entails, a Boreal species ; the bivalve Solen 

 ensis ; the sea-urchin Schizaster canaliferus ; the star-fishes, Asterisais 

 verruculatus, Asteracanthion glacialis, Alecto mediterranea ; and the cucumbers 

 Holothuria tubulosa and Cucumaria doliolum. 



The Polyps Gorgonia verrucosa and G. Bertoloni rise amid the Cysto- 

 seira and Sargassum in the form of shrubs, whose withered branches are 

 often entirely covered with the cherry-red-coloured Sympodium coralloides. 

 These, again, are varied by Tubularia larynx, T. ramosa, Lcpralia tctragona, 

 and Filograna implexa, which either grow amongst the tangles, or are inter- 

 woven with, or cling to, their branches. 



More numerous than elsewhere appear the snails Doris ccc-rulca, of a 

 beautiful violet tint, sEolis Bellardii, Pleurobranclms species, and Tylodina 

 citrina, a species of a sulphur-yellow colour. 



Clean gravel and coarse sand harbour most of the foregoing species, but 

 in fewer numbers. The most characteristic form of this locality is Venus 

 verrticosa, both as regards abundance and development. The bivalve 

 Tellina donacina has a wide horizontal extension, and it is found here in 

 the company of a quantity of Annellides, especially Borlasia species, Meckelia 

 annuiata, besides a beautiful green Phyllodoce. 



On clay-bed covered with scattered Dictyomenia, the number of groups 



1 See "Ein Ausflug nach Trieste," &c, by Dr. A. E. Grube, p. 61. Berlin. 



D 2 



