1 8 THE FISHERIES OF THE ADRIATIC, 



Cardium echinatum, C. Icsvigatum, the sea-urchins Echinus brevispinosus, 

 and especially the enormous E. mclo, which presents the characteristic facies, 

 occupy rocks covered with loose gravel, or grit. 



Polyps of the Gorgonia genus, such as G. verrucosa, G. Bertoloni, first 

 appear in 1 5 fathoms, and increase in number with the depth. 



Where Cystoseira grows on rock, or loose stones, or broken shells, the 

 crustaceans Pisa armata, Porcellana platycheles, Atelecychis heterodon, Ethusa 

 mascarone, Inachus t/wracicus, are particularly characteristic. They are joined 

 by XantJio jloridus, X. rivolosus, Pagurus maculatus, Pilumnus hirtellus, ■ 

 and Galathca strigosa, which here attain to their maximum. S tenor hynchzis 

 phalangium here commences to appear and increases with the depth ; Portunus 

 longipipes is on the decrease. 



The characteristic Annellides are Euphrosyne mediterranea, Eulalia 

 viridis, and Polyophthalmus pictus, the latter a remarkable one described by 

 Quatrefrages (the Nais picta of Duges). 1 



Under similar conditions appear the Mollusks : Fusus rostratus, Cardium 

 exigmim, and Turbo ru-gosus ; on the tangles, Chiton Rissoe, and Fissurella 

 gr<zca ; on the branches Doris tuberculata, a Celtic form, Aplysia mar- 

 ginata, Fusils syracusanus, Mitra ebenus, Cerithium pulchcllum, C. minutum, 

 Rissoa Bruguieri, also the bivalve Auatina pusilla. Besides these many 

 species of Trochus, Cerithium, and Rissoa are found, characteristic of the 

 littoral zone ; they disappear in the course of this region. 



Where Sargassum grows scattered on gravel, or grit, and loose stones, 

 life is still more varied. Inside the stones dwell Saxicava Guerini, Anccus 

 forficularis, and attached to the outside of stones are Scrpula contorhiplicata, 

 S. aspera, Pomatoceros tricuspis, and Spirorbis pusilla, which cease here. The 

 Polyps Cyathina striata, Actinia carciuiopados, and A. bellis, likewise appear 

 in their company. 



The Ascidian Phallusia intestinalis, whose mantle is invariably incrusted 

 with Modiola discrcpans, adheres to stones (Philippi cites this as the ordinary 



1 Quatrefrages, " Annales des Sciences Naturelles," iii. serie, tome xiii., 1850, p. 8; and 

 Grube, " Ein Ausflug," &c, p. 49. 



