CHAPTER I. 



THE FAUNA. 



Preliminary.— Topographical.— Tides.— Currents.— Temperature.— Saltness.— Professors Wolf and 

 Luksch ; their investigations in the Adriatic Gulf.— Haunts of fishes.— Investigations of the 

 fauna in the Adriatic— Dr. J. R. Lorenz; his work on the Horizontal Chorology in the 

 Quarnero.— Zone I.— Zone II. — Zone III. — Zone IV. — Zone V. — Zone VI. — Zone VII. — 

 Vertebrates. — Sedentary class. — Shore fishes. — Littoral forms. — Rovers. — Squatters. — Forms 

 of the declivity and shallows. — Rovers. — Squatters. — Forms of the deep-bed. — Squatters. — 

 Migratory forms.— Recapitulation.— Invertebrates, Articulates, and Radiates.— Characteristic 

 species of the various zones.— Extended and limited distribution. — Boreal forms.— Pisces. — 

 Fresh-water fishes. — Fishes which frequent the brackish waters. — Sea-fishes. 



HE Adriatic Gulf (Mare Sziperum, Mare Adriaticum) derives 

 its name, according to most authorities, from the Venetian 

 town of Adria, near Rovigo, once situate on the sea- 

 shore, and a place of some importance ; whereas nowadays 

 it is a small village, lying twelve miles inland. Other 

 authorities, again, attribute its derivation to the Neapolitan 

 town of Atri, in the Abruzzo Ulteriore, once known by the 

 name of Adria, or H adria, and situate on the coast, now four miles distant from 

 the sea. Its southernmost limit is marked by the Cape S. Maria di Leuca, 

 the Promontorium Solentinum of old, on the west ; and the Cape Glossa, 

 or Linguetta, on the Albanian coast, on the east. Its narrowest breadth 

 is 54 miles (6om. = i°), between Otranto and Cape Linguetta; its greatest 

 breadth 120 miles, between the mouths of the Tronto and Spalato ; its 

 average breadth is about 96 miles; its length 425 miles; and its surface 

 has a total superficial area of 2,500 square geographical miles. 



What is generally understood as the eastern shore extends from Epirus 

 to Venice, and comprises the Austrian-Hungarian seaboard in a total length 



B 



