202 DISCOVERY REPORTS 



Mackintosh and Wheeler (1929), and of Humpbacks and Sei whales by Matthews 

 (1937, 1938c). These descriptions were based principally on large numbers of whales 

 examined at South Georgia and stations in South Africa, and details are given of the 

 external proportions, colour, baleen, ventral grooves, and hairs ; and the extent of indi- 

 vidual variation is described so far as the data permit. The most useful description of 

 the external characters of whalebone whales in the northern hemisphere is probably that 

 of True (1904), whose monograph deals exhaustively with Fin, Blue and Humpback 

 whales, and in rather less detail with the Minke (or Lesser Rorqual) and the Atlantic 

 Right whale. 



Among other works which may be consulted are the following : 



Allen (1916): a large monograph on the nomenclature, external characters, skeleton 

 and habits of the Right, Fin, Sei, Blue, Minke and Humpback whales, and their occur- 

 rence and hunting in New England waters. 



Andrews (1908): a short paper on external characters and osteology of the Atlantic 

 Right whale. 



Andrews (1914): a monograph on the Grey whale. 



Andrews (1916a) : an exhaustive account of the distribution, habits, external characters 

 and osteology of the Sei whale. 



Collett (1886) : a brief description of the Sei whale. 



Japha (191 1) : an account of the distribution, structure, etc., of hairs in various species. 



Lillie (1910): notes on external characters, etc., particularly of the Fin whale. 



Lillie (1915) : a paper which includes various notes on external characters of southern 

 Humpbacks, with special regard to colour variations. 



Liouville (1913) describes the colour and form of most southern species. 



Lonneberg (193 1): an account of the skeleton of Bryde's whale and its distinctive 

 features. 



Matthews (19386) gives some notes on the Southern Right whale together with a 

 number of photographs. 



Olsen (1913): a general description of Bryde's whale. 



Peters (1938), in a book on the German whaling industry, includes short descriptions 

 of the characters and habits of each species. 



Ridewood (1901): an account of the 'bonnet' of the Right whale. 



Struthers (1889): an account of the dissection of a Humpback, dealing principally 

 with the skeleton. 



This list is no doubt incomplete but gives some indication of the principal contribu- 

 tions to the subject. The literature includes detailed descriptions of the colour and 

 external anatomy of whales in both the northern and southern hemispheres, but very 

 few observations have been made on the osteology of southern whales. On the other 

 hand, records of the measurements of external proportions of northern whales are very 

 scarce compared with the number available from southern whales, at any rate from Blue 

 and Fin whales. 



Observations on the external characters of the southern whales have been made with 



