CABEREA 375 



not Carbarea minima Ortmann, 1 1889, p. 23, pi. i, fig. 9 a, b. 

 ? Cauda pat agonica d'Orbigny, 1842, pi. ii, figs. 5-9; 1847, p. 9. 



? Caberea glabra MacGillivray, 1886, p. 129; 1887a, p. 142, pi. cxxxvii, figs. 2-4; 1887 b, p. 200. 

 Station distribution. Sub- Antarctic : South Atlantic Ocean, Sts. 6, 51, 56, 399, 1321, 1909, 

 WS82, WS84, WS85, WS86, WS87, WS88, WS95, WS225, WS23i, WS 243, WS 247, 

 WS755, WS847; South Indian Ocean, Sts. 1562, 1563, 1564; Antarctic: Weddell Quadrant, 

 Sts. 42, 45, 140, 148, 153, 160, 167, 190, 195, 371, 1948, WS 25, WS 27, WS 33, WS 42, MS 14, 

 MS 64; Victoria Quadrant, Sts. 1660. New Zealand: St. 934. 



Geographical distribution. Magellanic Region (Calvet; Waters; Discovery); Patagonian Shelf 

 (Busk; U.S. National Museum; Discovery); New Zealand (Discovery); Auckland Island (Marcus); 

 Tristan da Cunha; Marion Island; Prince Edward Island (Busk; Discovery); Gough Island (Dis- 

 covery); off South Africa; Possession Island (Busk); Kerguelen (Busk; Hasenbank); Bouvet Island 

 (Hasenbank); South Georgia (Calvet; Discovery; Shackleton-Rowett Expedition); Shag Rocks; 

 South Sandwich Islands; South Orkney Islands; near Elephant Island; South Shetland Islands; 

 Palmer Archipelago (Discovery); Wilhelm II Land (Kluge); Oates Land (Terra Nova); Ross Sea 

 (National Antarctic Expedition ; Terra Nova ; Discovery). 



Holotype. 99.7.1.855, Straits of Magellan, Darwin, selected here. 



A number of forms have been confused with Caberea darwinii Busk. Three of these 

 have now been distinguished, namely C. zelandica (Gray) and C. helicina sp.n., described 

 here, and C. boryi (Audouin), redescribed by Harmer (1926). A rather diverse collection 

 still remains, but there is some reason for thinking that most of the variation may be 

 correlated with differences in the climatic conditions in different parts of the wide range 

 of a single species. Before this can be discussed the various forms must be described, 

 and it will also be useful to record the identity and locality of certain figured specimens 

 and to select a holotype. 



Figured specimens. With one exception the locality from which the specimens of 

 Caberea figured on pi. xxxii of the Challenger Report were obtained is noted on the 

 original drawing, and in every case the drawing is accompanied by a sketch of the whole 

 colony (only one of which was published) from which the particular colony figured can 

 be recognized. The information is as follows: figs. 6 a, b, Challenger St. 142, 

 87. 12.9. 132; fig. c, Prince Edward Island, Challenger, 87. 12.9. 135; figs, d and e, 

 Challenger St. 148, 87. 12.9. 136; fig./, South Patagonia, Darwin, 99.7.1.856. 



Selection of holotype. It seems clear, from Busk's introduction of C. darwinii as 

 a new name for C. patagonica Busk (18526, pi. xxxviii), that a specimen from Darwin's 

 South American material should be selected as the holotype. 2 The choice thus lies 

 between four specimens. Two of these (54. 11 . 15.84, East Falkland Islands and 

 54. 1 1. 1 5. 83, without exact locality) are in the collection deposited in the British 

 Museum by Busk in 1854 (see p. 303). The other two, kept by Busk in his own collection 



1 Ortmann's figure does not agree with C. minima Busk, but neither does it, I consider, with C. boryi 

 (cf. Harmer, 1926, p. 362). 



2 Ortmann (1889, p. 23) considered that the material figured as C. darwinii by Busk (1884, pi. xxxii, 

 fig. 6) was different from C. patagonica Busk (1852, pi. xxxviii), with which he was inclined to merge 

 C. minima Busk (1884, pi. xxxii, fig. 5). Reasons are given here for regarding all the material in question as 

 representing one species. In any case the name C. darwinii, being an absolute synonym of C. patagonica, 

 would not be available for the Challenger material if distinct. 



