BUGULA 427 



Station distribution. South Africa: Sts. 91, MS 82. 



Geographical distribution. South-west Britain (Norman; Hincks); Mediterranean (Waters; 

 Vigelius; Hincks; Calvet; Barroso; Neviani); South Africa (Kluge; Hasenbank; O'Donoghue & de 

 Watteville; Discovery; 96.8.4.5, 7). 



The frequent confusion between Bugula calathus and B. flabellata is due, in part at 

 least, to an error in Hincks 's British Marine Polyzoa, by which some of the figures on 

 pi. xi were wrongly attributed in the text (1880, pp. 80, 82). The right attribution is 

 given in the explanation of the plate: figs. 1-4 B. flabellata, figs. 5-8 B. calathus. The 

 chief points of distinction are shown by Hincks, namely, the characters of the colony, 

 the appearance of the zooecia in basal view, and the shape of the avicularia. The sharply 

 down-turned beak of the avicularium of B. flabellata is particularly characteristic. 



In view of its isolation from the other recorded localities, and the existence in the 

 Arctic of other species that might be confused with B. calathus, I agree with Nordgaard 

 (1918, p. 24) and Borg (1933, p. 528) that Kluge's record of B. calathus in the White Sea 

 is doubtful. 



Specimens from Waters 's Naples collection (97.5.1.363, 364) confirm the identity 

 of B. avicularia forma flabellata Waters (1879, p. 117) with B. calathus. 



The South African specimen, recorded by O'Donoghue and de Watteville (1935, 

 p. 208) as B. flabellata (1936.4.2. 1), belongs to B. calathus, and it is evident from the 

 figure given by Hasenbank (1932, p. 330) that he also had B. calathus before him. The 

 specimen from O'Donoghue and de Watteville's collection shows the radial striation of 

 the ovicell figured by Hasenbank. 



True B. flabellata has not so far been proved to extend as far south as South Africa. 

 In the absence of any other evidence that the species is found at the Cape, and in view 

 of its frequent confusion with other species, I agree with Marcus (1920, p. 72) that 

 Kirchenpauer's frequently quoted record (Hincks, 1880, p. 81) was probably erroneous. 

 The geographical range of the species is, however, more extensive than Marcus then 

 supposed, for he has since (1938*2, p. 27) recorded it from Brazil, a region from which 

 it is also represented in the British Museum (27.2. 16. 1). 



The Discovery specimen of B. calathus shows the formation of new shoots from 

 ancestrula-like zooecia budded from the outer distal corner of old zooecia as described 

 below under B. dentata and B. cucullata var. cuspidata. 



2. Bugula cucullata var. cuspidata var.n. Fig. 38 A-C. 



Station distribution. New Zealand: St. 935. 



Geographical distribution. New Zealand (St. TN 144; Discovery; 55. 12.7. 195). 



Holotype. St. TN 144. 



These New Zealand colonies differ from the Australian specimens of typical Bugula 

 cucullata Busk (1867, p. 241) in their avicularia, ovicells and spines, and appear to 

 represent a distinct variety. The avicularia, which are present on nearly every zooecium, 

 are larger and more distally placed (Fig. 38 A). They have a convex or flattened upper 

 profile with no concavity (cf . the avicularium of typical B. cucullata figured by Harmer, 



