HIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCES 67 



The Subantarctic extended quadrants proposed by Waite were : 



Australian Zonal Quadrant : An extension of Victoria Quadrant. 

 Pacific Zonal Quadrant : An extension of Ross Quadrant. 



American Zonal Quadrant: An extension of Weddell Quadrant. 



African Zonal Quadrant : An extension of Enderby Quadrant. 



To these arbitrarily defined areas Waite proposed the following faunal districts : 



A. Antipodes District. Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand, including Macquarie Island, Stewart 

 Island, and southern Otago of the South Island of New Zealand. 



M. Magellan District. 



K. Kerguelen District. Includes Marion Island, Crozets, Heard Island and Kerguelen. 



G. Glacial District. The whole of the Antarctic within the Antarctic Convergence. 



Finlay (1926, p. 328) proposed five New Zealand faunal provinces, the last two of which, the 

 Forsterian for South and Stewart Islands, New Zealand, and the Rossian for the Subantarctic Islands 

 of New Zealand including Macquarie Island, are relevant to this discussion. 



The name Rossian is an unfortunate choice, since it precludes a more appropriate use of this name 

 for the Ross Sea area. In any case I recommend the substitution of Antipodean for Finlay's Rossian, 

 since Waite 's earlier propositions were overlooked by Finlay. I also advocate the use of Waite's 

 Magellan and Kerguelen Districts, but consider his fourth one, the Glacial, pointless, since it merely 

 substitutes a term for the restricted Antarctic circumpolar area which will later require subdivision on 

 a faunal basis. 



At the present stage I nominate only one addition to the biogeographic areas already outlined, that is, 

 the Georgian for the South Georgia-Shag Rocks area. 



Mackintosh (1946, pp. 177-212) gave a detailed account of the Antarctic Convergence with charts. 

 The plotting of the mean position of the Convergence places South Georgia within the Antarctic Zone, 

 Macquarie Island in the Subantarctic Zone, Kerguelen Island right on the convergence, with Heard 

 Island below, and Marion Island-Crozets above it. 



The following named southern high-latitude provinces are recommended for the present : 



(1) Magellan. Patagonia from below Chiloe Island (west coast) and Cape Blanco (east coast) (Regan, 

 1924, p. 26), Tierra del Fuego, East Patagonian Continental Shelf including the Falkland Islands and 

 the Burdwood Bank. 



(2) Georgian. South Georgia and Shag Rocks. 



(3) Kerguelenian. Kerguelen Island plus Heard Island, the Crozets, Marion and Prince Edward 

 Islands. Possibly Bouvet Island. 



(4) Antipodean ( = Rossian). Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand including Macquarie Island. 



DISTRIBUTION OF SOUTHERN HIGH-LATITUDE MOLLUSCA 



The bulk of the Antarctic and Subantarctic molluscs are derivatives of a few cosmopolitan families, 

 notably the Patellidae, Trochidae, Naticidae, Muricidae, Neptuniidae, Volutidae and Turridae. 



Family Patellidae 



The limpets belong to two characteristic Magellanic genera, Patinigera and Nacella. The former 

 ranges from the Magellan Province to Graham Land and eastwards to Kerguelen Island, Macquarie 

 Island and the Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand. True Nacella is recorded from the Magellan 

 Province and Kerguelen, but does not seem to occur elsewhere. Nacella and Patinigera, to some extent, 

 live attached to the giant kelp D'Urvillea, and this habit is the main cause, aided by the West Wind 

 Drift, of their eastern extended range. 



