SYSTEMATIC 107 



larger than that of Laevilitorina, depressed, heliciform with a wide umbilicus and smooth epidermis. 

 Radula (Fig. I, 29) with a narrow central tooth, central and lateral teeth with broad chisel-shaped main 

 cusps and weak side denticles, marginals foliate with few denticles. Includes Lacuna antarctica 

 Martens from South Georgia and possibly Hydrobia pumilis Smith from Swains Bay, Kerguelen 

 Island. 



Since these southern Littorinids vary in shape between ovate-conical and depressed helicoid forms, 

 even within one radula group, the use of the northern genus name Haloconcha for this group, merely 

 upon external resemblances, is undesirable. Until some knowledge of the animal of Haloco?icha is 

 available it is more satisfactory to disassociate the southern shells under a new generic name. 



Subgenus Pellilacunella n.subg. (of Laevilacunaria) (Type: Pellilitorina bennetti Preston), South 

 Shetlands. Shell larger than that of Laevilitorina, globose, narrowly umbilicated and with a smooth 

 epidermis. The radula (Fig. I, 30) resembles that of Laevilacunaria, except that the broad chisel- 

 shaped cusps are denticulated along their cutting edges. 



Genus Pellilitorina Pfeffer, 1886 (Type: Littorina setosa Smith), Kerguelen Island, South Georgia 

 and South Orkneys. Shell relatively large, globose, narrowly umbilicated ; epidermis set with hair-like 

 processes. Radula (Fig. I, 32) with a broad shallow-based central tooth, bearing five cusps, the middle 

 one strongest, laterals with three strong cusps, marginals foliated and with several denticles. 



Genus Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886 



Type (Suter, 1913) : Hydrobia caliginosa Gould 



Laevilitorina caliginosa (Gould) 



Littorina caliginosa Gould, 1848, p. 83. 



Hydrobia caliginosa Smith, 1879, p. 173, pi. 9, fig. 8. 



Laevilitorina caliginosa Martens & Pfeffer, 1886, p. 81, pi. 1, fig. Sa-d. 



Laevilitorina caliginosa Tryon, 1887, p. 254, pi. 46, fig. 29. 



Laevilitorina caliginosa Pelseneer, 1903, p. 8. 



Laevilitorina caliginosa Lamy, 1906 a, p. 112. 



Littorina (Laevilitorina) caliginosa Melvill & Standen, 1907, p. 100. 



Laevilitorina caliginosa Strebel, 1908, p. 50. 



Laevilitorina caliginosa Lamy, 1911a, p. 8. 



Laevilitorina caliginosa Thiele, 1912, p. 235. 



Littorina (Laevilitorina) caliginosa Melvill & Standen, 1912, p. 348. 



Laevilitorina caliginosa Melvill & Standen, 1914, p. 118. 



Laevilitorina caliginosa Hedley, 1916, p. 45. 



Laevilitorina caliginosa var. L. David, 1934, fig. la-d. 



Dentition. Fig. I, 26. 



Type locality. Royal Sound, Kerguelen I. (Suter, 191 3) 

 St. 122. Maiviken, West Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, 14 Dec. 1926, 0-1 m. 

 St. MS 70. Maiviken, West Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, 9 Mar. 1926, shore coll. 

 St. WS 564. Moltke Harbour, South Georgia, 21 Feb. 1931, shore coll. 

 Range. Kerguelen I. (Gould, 1849; Smith, 1879; Thiele, 1912), Macquarie I. (Suter, 1913; 

 Hedley, 19 16), South Georgia (Pfeffer, i886;Strebel, i9o8;David, 1934), South Orkneys (Lamy, 1906a), 

 South Shetlands (Lamy, 1911a), Falkland Is. (Melvill & Standen, 1907, 1912 ; Strebel, 1908), Tierra del 

 Fuego (Tryon, 1887). 



In all probability more than one species is covered in the above locality records. It may be noted 

 that Strebel (1908) proposed Laevilitorina caliginosa aestualis for a shell from Port Louis, Falkland 

 Islands, noting that it was only half as large as the South Georgia form. Also Macquarie Island shells 



