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General Botany 



Fig. 162. Pineapples growing in Porto Rico. The entire flower cluster becomes fleshy 

 and forms the fruit. Like most of the members of the Bromelia family, the leaves are 

 leathery, rigid, and arranged in a rosette. Pineapples are propagated by planting cuttings 

 of small lateral branches. 



tacle, with small akenes on the inner surface. The fruit of the 

 fig is a greatly enlarged and hollow peduncle, with numerous 

 flowers lining the inside. Blackberries and dewberries are 

 clusters of fleshy pistils held together by the inclosed receptacle. 

 Raspberries differ in that the cluster of fleshy pistils separate 

 from the receptacle when ripe. 



The development and ripening of fleshy fruits. The process 

 of development and ripening may be illustrated by the changes 

 that occur in an apple. As soon as fertilization occurs, the tissues 

 that finally make up the fruit begin to enlarge by cell division. 

 Food materials from the stem pass into this tissue and accumulate 

 as starch, acids, fats, and proteins. In the young green apple the 

 cells are very dense and gorged with starch. The sourness is due 



