Index 



559 



Spike, 232. 



Spirogyra, 451. 454- 



Spontaneous generation, 394. 



Spores, 389. 



Sporophylls, 484. 



Sports, 283. 



Sprout forests, 230. 



Spruce, 194, 316, 332. 



Squashes, 273. 



Stamen, 238. 



Starch, 35. 



Stem, dicot, 132; monocot, 135; palm, 138; 

 processes, 160; structures, 130. 



Stems, climbing, 107 ; conifer, 141 ; hori- 

 zontal, no; of hydrophytes, 173; of 

 mesophytes, 105-115, 168, 173; of xero- 

 phytes, 170; underground, no; upright, 

 105, 130. 



Stipules, 23. 



Stock, 158. 



Stomata, 27. 



Storage, of energy, 39; of seeds, 269; of 

 food, 393. 



Strawberry, 225; fruit of, 252; pollination 

 of, 246. 



Suberin, 56. 



Submerged leaves, 70. 



Submerged roots, 186. 



Submerged stems, 173. 



Subsidiary cells, 25. 



Succession, 307. 



Sugar, 34; beet, 3S1; cane, 357; maple, 



349- 

 Sulfur, 219. 

 Sunflower, red, 283. 

 Sunflower family, 543. 

 Synthesis, of carbohydrates, 34; of fats, 



41 ; of proteins, 42. 



Tamarack, 314. 



Tank epiphytes, 187. 



Tannins, 59, 347. 



Tapioca, 373. 



Temperature, and bacteria, 387; and 



photosynthesis, 34; effects of, 211. 

 Tendrils, 108. 

 Tertiary vegetation, 502. 

 Thallus, 468. 

 Thistle, 544. 

 Timothy, 275. 

 Tissues, 21; of leaf, 24; of root, 183; of 



stem, 131. 

 Toadstools, 421. 

 Tobacco, 205, 274, 282; regions, 352. 



Toxins, 391. 



Tracheae, 20, 133. 



Tracheids, 20, 141. 



Transfer of food, 163. 



Transpiration, 73; and absorption, 90; 



and lifting of water, 160; and stomata, 



74; external factors of, 78; internal 



factors of, 76. 

 Transplanting, 91; and roots, 196; and 



water balance, 91. 

 Trees, 146; age of, 147; evergreen and 



deciduous, 102; size of, 106. 

 Tube fungi, 406. 

 Tubers, 114. 

 Tulip tree, 533- 



Tundra, 310; plant industries of, 345. 

 Turgor, 88. 

 Turpentine, 354. 



Ulothrix, 450. 

 Umbel, 232. 

 UmbellifercB, 540. 

 Underground stems, no. 



Vacuoles, 16, 18. 



VaniUa, 374. 



Variations, 280; heritable, 282, 551. 



Vascular bundles, 132, 133, 135. 



Vaucheria, 451, 454. 



Vegetation, 302; of North America, 310; 

 of United States, 312; Mesozoic, 500; 

 Paleozoic, 499. 



Vegetative multiplication, 225. 



Vegetative propagation, 226. 



Venation, 30. 



Vertical leaves, 67. 



Vessels, 31; food-conducting, 31; water- 

 conducting, 31. 



Victoria regia, 175. 



Vinca, 24. 



Vinegar making, 410. 



Vital syntheses, 32, 379. 



Vitamins, 58. 



Water, accumulation of, 79, 162; balance, 

 90; conducting tissue, 30, 133; lifting of, 

 160; plants, 79; pores, 175; supply and 

 crop yields, 94, 211; supply, effects of, 

 on wheat, 211 ; uses of, 72. 



Water lily, 175. 



Watermelon wilt, 276. 



Wax, 56. 



Weeds, 375. 



