12 



TEXTBOOK OF BOTANY 



FLOWER 



PISTIL OF FLOWER 



YOUNO FRUIT 



OLDER FRUIT 



LEAFLET OF TRIFOLIATE LEAF 



FIRST PAIR OF LEAVES 



STEM 



COTYLEDON SCAR 



Fig. 9. Stem of older bean plant with leaves and flowers, and with fruits (pods) of 

 various ages from the pistil. The seeds are borne within the fruit. 



complete cycle from seed to seed may also be called a generation. Every 

 generation of a seed plant is in general a repetition of the same orderly 

 sequence of vegetative structures followed by reproductive structures. 



From past experiences you probably have formed general ideas of 

 these several parts of plants. But if these ideas are vague they will not 

 be useful in either reading or discussion. To regard a leaf merely as the 

 part that is green, a root as the part in the ground, and a seed as what 

 one plants is quite inadequate. If enough plants are examined it will be 

 discovered that any of these organs may be green, any of them may be 

 found underground, and all of them are planted by man. A stroll on the 



