802 



INDEX 



Flaccidity, 206 



Flagella, 607, 614 



Floral cup, 356, 357, 362; envelope, 354 



Floras, Cambrian, 727; Carboniferous, 

 729; Cenozoic, 731; Devonian, 727; 

 fossil, 719-738; Mesozoic, 730; Paleo- 

 zoic, 727; pre-Cambrian, 727; present, 

 740-795 



Flower, 12, 14, 351, 353; bud, 248, 335; 

 clusters, 360; color, 352; complete, 

 357; perfect, 357; pistillate, 359; pri- 

 mordial, 249, 333, 336; section of, 352; 

 simple, 353; staminate, 359 



Flowering plants, 687-690, 693-717; time 

 of, 340-348 



Flowers, development of, 354; economic 

 value of, 369; initiation of, 333-350 



Fluctuations, 436, 491 {see also Light 

 effects; Temperature effects, etc.) 



Follicle, 366 



Food, 1, 101, 106, 107, 147, 177; chains, 

 603, 604, 610; classes of, 105; digestion 

 of, 99, 129, 139; energy content of, 

 166; in cells. 103; manufacture of, 107, 

 108-148, 176; of green plants, 102, 

 106; oxidation of, 98, 110, 155; sources 

 of, 101 



Forage crops, 428 



Forcing, 36, 260, 416 



Forests, bamboo, 272; beech-sugar maple, 

 756; black spruce, 747; boreal, 741, 

 745; coastal, 741; deciduous, 741, 754, 

 755; hemlock, 640, 775; hemlock- 

 hardwood, 741, 750, 751; hemlock- 

 Sitka spruce, 680, 744, 774; live oak, 

 789; oak-hickory, 757; Pacific coastal, 

 775; pinon-juniper, 788; redwood, 

 778, 779; Rocky Mountain, 741; 

 southeastern evergreen, 741, 759; 

 spruce-fir, 57, 747; spruce-hemlock- 

 hardwood, 754; subalpine, 786; tropi- 

 cal, 789; western mountain, 773 



Formaldehyde, 581 



Fossils, 97, 719-738; ages of, 722, 723; of 

 fern leaves, 720; of leaf prints, 731; 

 of seeds, 721; of sequoia cone, 721; 

 of tree trunks, 721 



Fox fire, 581 



Fructose, 104, 109, 123, 175 

 Fruit bud, 248; spur, 254 



Fruits, 11, 12, 14, 336, 353, 361, 369, 

 376; aggregate, 363, 366; complex, 

 363, 366; definition of, 363; dissemina- 

 tion of, 369; economic value of, 369; 

 formation of, 353, 355, 356, 362; mul- 

 tiple, 363, 366, 367; simple, 364, 365; 

 subterranean, 709; types of, 363, 364 



Fucoxanthin, 608, 628 



Fucus, 629, 632, 636 



Fungi, 3, 17, 541-566; bear's-head, 542; 

 club, 556; coral, 556; cup, 553; dis- 

 eases due to, 575-582; economic as- 

 pects of, 559, 567-572; gill, 543; Im- 

 perfecti, 566; sac, 552; stinkhorn, 556; 

 sulfur mushroom, 556; tube, 551 



Fusion, 545; nucleus, 376; triple, 376 



Galls, 583, 584 



Gametes, 372, 374, 617, 636 



Gametophytes, 379; algal, 636; club 



moss, 671, 672; equisetum, 675, 676: 



fern, 663, 664, 665; flowering plant, 



689: liverwort, 652, 653; moss, 644, 



646; pine, 684 

 Garden pea, 355, 459, 462 

 Garner and Allard, 340 

 Gel, 62 



Gemmae, 652, 653 

 Gemmae-cups, 653 

 Genes, 84, 444, 474, 485 

 Genotype, 462, 468 

 Genus, 24 

 Geologic eras, 723; life, 723; periods, 



723 

 Geotropism, 214 

 Geranium, flowers and fruits, 362; 



leaves, 132; stem, 281 

 Germination, delayed, 391-395; food 



changes in, 390, 391; pollen, 374, 376; 



seed, 10, 387-395 

 Ginkgo, 681 

 Girdling, 268, 349 

 Glaciation, 733, 734 

 Gliadin, 142 

 Globe radish, 296 

 Glucose, 104, 109, 123, 129, 148, 168, 



169, 175 

 Glycerin, 129, 168, 175 

 Glycocol, 144 

 Glycogen, 129, 134, 624 

 Gnetiim, 680 



