12 



lut\)riiiati()ii ;il li.iiid iiidicatfs that theiv is a wide variation m 

 the habits of vai-ious six'cics, for besides 

 tinditiij' the hirvu' in watei- ;iiid in mud elos<' 

 to water, they an^ found oftentimes in 

 dry g'round h)n^' distances from Wtdei-. .\1- 

 though very younu' hirva' do not take kindly 

 to artificial eonditions, older specimens are 

 easily kept in l)r(H'din^' caj^es, and in all 

 cases observed, live as well in .uround slight- 

 ly moist as they do in mud. They eat small 

 soft-bodied invertebrate animals of num\- 

 kinds, not excluding mend^ers of thiMr own 

 family, or even of theii- t)\vn species. In 

 artificial rearing of these insects small earth 

 worms seem to answer well as food for the 

 larva.'. 



It is always necessary to keo}) (^aeh 

 specimen in a separate dish or breeding 

 cage, for if two are placed together one is 

 almost sure to devour the other in C()urse 

 01 tnue. One hardly ever fails to obtaui uk' striped euiiiy 

 the adult ny if older larva^ are tak(Mi ;ni(l eniai-ged- (After 



+ . ,-• • Hart. Bull. Ills. St. 



proper attention given. ,^ab.. Volume iv.) 



THE PUPA. 



The pupae ill all s[)ecies I have seen are dull >ellowish in 

 C(d()ration, with an encircling row of spines or stiff hairs at the 

 apical third of each abdominal segment. This stage is also much 

 the same in a[)pearance in the different species, hut tluM'e is a 

 striking difl'ei'enci^ in si/e, and this is of more c()nse(|ueiice in the 

 pupa than in the larva, for in the larva difference in size may 

 indicate dift'erent ages of the same species as well as different 

 species, while dirt'ereiice in size of the pii|)a may be taken ta 

 indicate different si)ecies only. 



("hai-actei's for distinguishing the [)npa' of differi'ut species 

 are found in the external breathing organs, or spiracles, and in 

 the teeth-like appendages located at the apex of the abdomen. 



