23. 



S.HORSTADIUS. 1973. EXPERIMENTAL EMBRYOLOGY OF ECHINODERMS 

 Clarendon Press - Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford. X,192 pp., 86 

 figs., author, subject, and species indexes. £ 5.00 



Contents: 1. Introduction; 2. The birth and early development 

 of experimental embryology; 3. Normal early development of sea 

 urchin larvae; 4. Methods; 5. Determination of cleavage; 6. 

 Determination along the egg axis; 7. Determination of the ven- 

 trodorsal axis, bilateral and radial symmetry; 8. Experiments 

 at later stages, bilateral asymmetry; 9. Sea urchins and gen- 

 etics; 10. Germ-layer chimeras; 11. Some aspects of determina- 

 tion 



This scholarly monograph is mainly concerned with the large 

 body of results obtained from sea urchin embryos since the end 

 of the last century by means of delicate operations .and simple 

 chemical treatments. Most of this work is now considered classi- 

 cal, but is has never before been reviewed so extensively. The 

 author, to whom we probably owe the greatest individual contri-. 

 bution to this field, has provided a synthesis which clearly 

 brings out that the subject is much less simple than most text- 

 books suggest, and that many intriguing problems remain to be 

 solved. 



The physiological aspects of sea urchin development are only 

 touched upon where this is necessary for the interpretation of 

 essentially morphological results. Those who want more informa- 

 tion on these aspects should consult Giudice's recent book (see 

 review nr.22); this however largely lacks the historical per- 

 spective which is an interesting feature of the present book. 



Although most of the book deals primarily with the Echinoidea, 

 chapter 8 also reviews work on Asteroidea, Holothurioidea, and 

 Crinoidea. Chapter 9 mainly reviews the classical work on mero- 

 gones and hybrids with particular reference to viability and 

 morphology . 



The book is attractively produced and illustrated with numer- 

 ous good line drawings. It has a bibliography of more than 450 

 titles. 



24. 



P.J.PROBST. 1972. ZUR FORTPFLANZUNGSBIOLOGIE UND ZUR ENTWICKLUNG 



DER GIFTDRUSEN BEIM SKORPION ISOMETRUS MACULATUS (DE GEER, 1778) 



(SCORPIONES: BUTHIDAE) 



Verlag fur Recht und Gesellschaft , Basel. Acta Tropica vol.29, 



pt.l. 87 pp., 10 figs., 4 tabs. 



Extensive study of the reproductive biology of animals held in 

 captivity; spermatophores , insemination; anatomy of "ovario- 

 uterus" , follicular cycle, macroscopic staging of embryos within 

 the mother (no illustrations); postembryonic stages (photo- 

 graphs), moulting time, growth; histology and brief description 

 of development of poison-gland. 



25. 



M.E.RICE. 1973. MORPHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR, AND HISTOGENESIS OF THE 

 PELAGOSPHERA LARVA OF PHASCOLOSOMA AGASSIZII (SIPUNCULA) 

 Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington. Smithsonian Contributions 

 to Zoology Nr.132. IV, 51 pp., 14 pis. 



Study encompassing blastula, gastrula, early trochophore, var- 

 ious premetamorphic stages, metamorphosis, and pelagosphera lar- 

 vae of various ages; histogenesis of organs and structures; com- 



196 



