LIVING SPIROCHAETES 5 



mens moimted alive in diliite glycérine and then examined 

 seemed to hâve more refractile bars and dots than those exa- 

 mined in sea or freshwater, the glycérine médium appearing to 

 intensif y the refraction of the chromatin masses. 



chr. bond 



Membrane. — Many hjrpotheses hâve been advanced as 

 to the structure of this very interesting « organella » There 

 is no doubt that in life a true membrane exists, for, when one 

 observes living Spirochaetes, with the aid of the ultra-micros- 

 copic condenser , the 

 membrane can be very 

 well seen, spirally coi- 

 led around the body, 

 and its thickened 

 ( chromatic ) border 

 stands out (fig. 1, chr. 

 bord). The (( sheath » 

 view of some French 

 writers, already rejec- 

 ted by workers in En- 

 gland , is rendered 

 still further untenable 

 there by. 



Myonemes ( fig . 1 , 

 my) are présent in the 

 membrane (vide Fan- 

 THAM, 1907, 1908), 

 and the exact nature 

 of thèse éléments has 

 been disputed . The 

 Word « myoneme » de- 

 notes literally a mus- 

 cle thread and so im- 

 plies the essential 

 attribute of muscle, 



b.my. 



-chn. bord 



1 



Flfi 



1. l'art of a dividiiig .Spinchactii Inilbitudi showiiit,' 

 liody 6. witli one well iiiarked body iiiyouemc b. iiiii, 

 double membrane tn, with myonemes my, two basai 

 granules bg and double chromatin border chr, bord. 

 The nuclear apparatus n in life appears as a séries 

 of bright bars. Drawn from a living spécimen as obser- 

 ved under the microscope, using the 2.5 mm. water 

 immersion objective and ultra-microscopic (parabo- 

 lic) substage. 



