THE MITOCHONDRIAL CONSTITUENTS OF PROTOPLASM. 



135 



is granular, like cocci; or rod-like, like bacilli; or filamentous, like certain vibrios; 

 while the tendency for mitochondrial granules to become arranged in rows is strongly 

 suggestive of streptococci. They are lipoidal and they agglutinate in the most 

 remarkable way, under certain conditions, just as bacteria do. Fortunately, they 

 may be easily distinguished from bacteria by their staining reactions (particularly 

 to janus green), by their occurrence in almost all cells, by their behavior, and by 

 their lack of independent motility. When less was known about mitochondria it 

 was not so easy to identify them as it is now. In consequence, we have to be 

 on the lookout in the hterature for descriptions of mitochondria under the head- 

 ing of "Bacteria and intracellular parasites" and vice versa} 



For convenience I have indicated below the work which has already been 

 done on mitochondria in pathology, because the space will permit of detailed dis- 

 cussion of onl}^ the more important contributions: 



Adenoma of thyroid, Goetsch (1916, p. 1.32). 



Anemic necrosis, Israel (1891, p. .310). 



.\sphy.\iation in tissue culture, Champy (1914. p. "20). 



Autolytic changes, Dannehl (1892, p. is.'i). 



Beri-beri, Clark (1914, p. 92). 



Carcinoma: 



Beckton (1909, p. 191). 



PorcelH-Titone (1914. p. 237). 



Fa\Te and Regaud (1913, p. 688). 



Lubarsch (1897, p. 640) and others. 

 Cicatrization in tissue culture, Champy (1914. p. 3GS). 

 Cloudy sweUing in kidney, Schilhng (1894, p. 470). 

 Diabetes, Homans (191.5, p. 16). 

 Diphtheria toxin, d'Agata (1913, p. 443); Dibbelt (1914, 



p. 119). 

 Diuresis, Policard (1910, p. 272). 

 Edema of prepuce, Regaud and Favre (1912, p. 330). 

 Epithelioma, G. .\rnold (1012a, p. 283) ; Favre and Re?aud 



(1913, p. 688). 

 Fatty degeneration, kidney, Ophtils (1907. p. 136). 

 Fatty infiltration, .\ltmann (1889, p. 94). 

 Feltphanrosis, nerve-cells, Biondi (191.5, p. 224). 

 Calls (nematode) in plants, Nemec (1910, p. 166). 

 Hemoglobinuria, kidney, Barratt (1913, p. .566). 

 Hypertrophic tonsils and adenoids, .\lagna (1911, p. 27). 

 Inanition, Russo (1910, p. 173). 



Inflammsition, connective tissue, Dubreuil (1913, p. 1.38). 



Irritation of cortex, Collin (1914, p. .592). 



Liver ovtirpation, effect on mitochondria in kidney, 



Policaid (1910, p. 245). 

 Myelogenous leukemia, Klein (1910, p. 407). 

 Pernicious anemia, spleen, Shipley (1915, p. 75). 

 Phosphorus poisoning, Lubarscli (1897, p. 639); Scott 



(1916, p. 237); Mayer, Rathery and SchaefTer (1914, 



p. 607), etc. 

 Pigmentation, Barratt (1913, p. 566). 

 Poi.scns, various, Mayer, Rathery and Schaeffer (1914, 



p. 607). 

 Polypus of nose, Benda (1899a, p. 380). 

 Prostatitis, Dominici (1913, p. 295). 

 Radium, Beckton and Russ (1911, p. 99). 

 Regeneration, Romeis (19i:3f, p. 1); Torraca (1914a, 



p. .5.39: 19146, p. 4.59). 

 Rodent ulcer, Regaud and Favre (1912, p. 329). 

 Sarcoma treated with X-ray, Regaud (in discussion of 



Laguesse) (19126, p. HI). 

 Scharlach R, skin proliferation, Barratt (1913, p. .566). 

 Suprarenal gland after ovariectomy, Mira (1912, p. 43). 

 Toxins, Mayer, Rathery and Schaeffer (1914, p. 609). 

 Tubercle giant cell, Champy (1911, ]). 1.54). 

 Uranium nephritis, Oliver (1916, p. 306). 

 X-ray, Beckton and Russ (1911, p. 99). 



GLANDULAR SYSTEM. 



Most of the work has been done on glands because of the ease with which they 

 can be observed and experimented with. The two outstanding contributions are 

 those of Homans on diabetes and of Goetsch on diseases of the thjToid. 



Homans (1915, p. 16) produced various degrees of diabetes in the dog by 

 removal of portions of the pancreas and by feeding with carbohydrate food. He 

 found that the mitochondria in the B cells of the islands of Langerhans become 

 accentuated, fuse to form droplets, and finally disappear in stages of activity, 

 exhaustion, and degeneration of the tissue, while the other cells show no changes 



'The relations, if any, whioh are affected lintwecn niitoihondrla and thi' invading l>artrria have never been stuliel. 

 Yet it is niilikply that twn materials of similar size and shapn and lipoilal iiroportitM woiil I not act on each other in sonic 

 way. Since mitochondria undoulilcdly aeKlutinatc, it is possilile that llicy may lie associated in intraecUiilar bacterial 

 agglutination. The difficulty of staining them lioth differentially would not be groat and it woiil<l lie interesting to compare 

 the active invasion of virulent bacilli with the phagocytosis of nonvirulent or dead organisms. 



