Baker — A Eevision of the Elephcmtopeae. — I. 47 



BB. Pappus iu two series, together of always more than 5 setae; 

 inflorescence spicate; glomeruli subtended by simple reduced 

 leaves. 

 C. Pappus homogeneous, of numerous straight setae having en- 

 tire, scarcely distinct paleae. 

 D. Pappus several times length of achene. 



Elephantosis. 

 DD. Pappus only about a third the length of achene. 



Micropappus. 



CC. Pappus heterogeneous; of comparatively few setae with 



strongly lacerate paleae; the two long sub opposite setae plicate 



near upper extremity. Pseudelephantopus . 



AA. Heads two-flowered; pappus in outer series short, in inner longer, 



twisted, and deciduous. Elephantopsis . 



Genus Elephantopds Linn. Gen. ed. 1. 249. 1737. 



In the study of the species of this genus the starting-point 

 must be the exact determination of the type species — scaher. 

 In Hort. Cliff., among the aggregate of forms there men- 

 tioned, the locality Jamaica is given. But in the Linnaean 

 description of 1753, its habitat is given simply as " in Indiis," 

 while Willdenow particularizes in " India orientali." Speci- 

 mens occur in the American herbaria from India, the Philip- 

 pines and Formosa. The plant in its native regions is low 

 and roughly haired with usually very long narrow oblanceolate, 

 rather obtuse, radical leaves, merely rough scabrous above, 

 sparingly rough hairy below. The glomeruli resemble those 

 of our tomentosus, the heads being about as long, but the 

 achenes are smaller, the pappus shorter, and the paleae with 

 much longer thicker pubescence. It seem probable that scaber, 

 like Pseudelephantopiis spicatus, has become widely dissemi- 

 nated in the tropics. Some specimens from the Isthmus of 

 Panama may prove to be this, though nothing like it has been 

 seen from elsewhere. The species tomeniosus so far as the 

 herbarium material examined goes, does not occur outside of 



the Eastern United States. 



In the earlier days there seems to have been no question of 

 the distinctness of tomentosus . In 1829 Lessing considered 

 it distinct, but De Candolle in 1836, and Dietrich in 1847 do 

 not even mention it. In 1847 Schultz Bipontinus properly 

 reserves scaher for the old world form, but combines all the 



