igoi] Ells — Ancient Channels. 29 



and west stretch of the Nation river. The holes were sunk only 

 to the rock in most cases, through clay with occasional thin 

 deposits ol sand or gravel. The deepest of these was 210 feet, 

 and in the township of Plantagenet on the north bank of the 

 Nation, and in Alfred about two and a half miles east, two holes 

 were sunk to the underlying Utica, to depths of 180 and i86 feet. 

 On a h'ne extending- westwardly along what is known as the Brook 

 in the direction of Eastman's Springs a number of similar holes 

 have been bored, the depths of which ranged from 100 to 150 feet, 

 following a fairly direct line. The most easterly of these was put 

 down at Caledonia Springs to a depth in the clay of 132 feet. 

 Beyond this to the north-east the country is flat and clay covered 

 in the direction of L'Orignal at which point presumably this 

 ancient channel reached the river. Recently in the area south-east 

 of Ottawa city, near Ramsay's Corners, a boring has been made 

 which passed through 186 feet of clay and 18 feet of underlying 

 gravel to the Lorraine shahjs. 



This line of excavation may be the continuation of that already 

 described for the Carp valley, since in the eastern portion of the 

 Carp area there are great deposits of clay, gravel and sand which 

 extend beyond the Rideau a few miles south of Ottawa in the 

 direction of the deep borings just referred to. The old channel 

 should cross the Rideau not far from the centre of the township of 

 Gloucester and extend towards the Mer Bleue, since rock escarp- 

 ments appear a short distance north of that place in the direction 

 of the Ottawa, and rock ledges are seen to the south in the 

 direction of Bear Brook on the line of the Canada Atlantic Ry. 



On the lower Ottawa between Grenville and Lachute the 

 surface is generally flat. Deposits of clay, covered in places with 

 a great thickness of sand, occur in the area between the bold 

 escarpment of the crystalline rocks and the river, and near the line 

 of the Grenville canal the accumulation of boulders over the 

 surface is very great. The whole area for some miles is heavily 

 drift covered, and great masses of ice must have discharged 

 immense loads brought from the high lands to the north and north 

 east in this direction. These accumulations of boulders are found 

 at intervals over a large extent of country south of the Ottawa, 

 some of the blocks being of immense size. Near Vankleek Hill 



