1914] The Ottawa Naturalist. 83 



in, and as they have long been accustomed to it, it will be 

 specially acceptable. The wild red raspberry is much fre- 

 quented and desired by some birds. Currants, while not 

 particularly desirable avouM doubtless add to the general 

 attractiveness of the jungle. Then there should be climbers, 

 particularly the two bitter sweets, the climbing bitter sweet 

 and the annual one. But the best and most useful climber 

 of all is the wild grape. Plant these beside a brush heap and 

 they will soon cover it and make ideal protection for manv of 

 the seed eaters, and food for larger birds. Small willows are 

 not only desirable as providers of insects, but also because of 

 the ease with which they take root and grow. 



There is no good reason why some ornamental shrubs 

 should not be used, particularh- on the sides facing the house 

 and road. Spirea Van Houtte, (the Bridal Wreath) Lilacs, 

 Philadelphtis or Mock Orange, Exochorda, and others, could 

 be used with advantage and beautiful effect, moreover, many 

 of these are already popular with the birds we are trying to 

 attract. And while some objection may be raised to them 

 on the score of expense, yet that objection does not apply to 

 lilacs, which sucker freely; so that one can obtain a hundred 

 small plants by digging and dividing a single old one. 



Consideration should be paid to the future appearance 

 from the farm house ; the tallest growing plants should be farthest 

 away, the height graduating down, with only very dwarf things 

 on the side next the house. This plan will give a much more 

 extended view from the house, than if high vegetation is placed 

 on the side next the house. 



All these trees and shrubs should be planted not closer 

 together than ten feet, unless enthusiasm and opportunity are 

 unusual, and if so planted, it will be five to ten years before any 

 require to be taken out. When they grow into one another,- 

 it would be well to remove some of them, as by that time the 

 birds would have ample cover. 



At first there will appear to be a great deal of unused 

 space, and such might be planted to millet and btickwheat. 

 This would of course apply onlv to the first season as after that 

 it should be left so that the shrubs could have their own way. 



Tw^o weeds whose seeds are very much admired by winter 

 birds are ragweed and pigweed. If a patch of these weeds is 

 planted, it should be on the house side and not closer than 

 twenty or thirt}" feet from the edge of the jungle, so as to prevent 

 the weeds from spreading into the neighboring cultivated land. 

 When the first year's growth has taken place there is little danger 

 of the spreading of such weeds over what will then be vmculti- 

 vated ground. 



