PENTANDRIA— TRIGYNIA. Sambucus. 109 



Root fleshy, creeping, difficult of extirpation. Stems annual, sim- 

 ple, erect, leafy, about a yard high, roundish., though very deeply 

 and unequally furrowed. Leaves dark green, nearly smooth, 

 with ovate-lanceolate, acute, sharply serrated leaflets, unequal 

 at their base, some of them 4 or 5 inches long. Stipidas large, 

 leafy, cut, sometimes accompanying 2 or 3 of the lowest pairs 

 of leaflets, as well as the main footstalk. Cymes first 3-cleft, 

 then variously and copiously branched, hairy. Fl. all stalked, 

 of a dull purplish hue, with thick, upright, white/ZameH^s, whose 

 a7ithers are reddish. Berries globose, black, not always perfected. 

 Seeds 3 or 4 . 



Our ancestors evinced a just hatred of their brutal enemies the 

 Danes, in supposing the nauseous, fetid and noxious plant be- 

 fore us to have sprung from their blood. Its qualities are vio- 

 lently purgative, sometimes emetic ; yet a rob of the fruit is 

 said to have been taken with safety, as far as an ounce. The fo- 

 liage is not eaten by cattle, nor will moles come where these 

 leaves, or those of the following species, are laid. 



2. S. nigra. Common Elder. 



Cymes with five main branches. Stipulas obsolete. Leaflets 

 ovate. Stem arboreous. 



S. nigra. Linn. Sp. PL 385. Wilkl. v. 1. 1495. Fl. Br. 336. Engl. 

 Bot. V. 7. t. 476. Woodv. Med. Bot. t. 78. Hook. Scot. 96. Fl. 

 Dan. t. 545. Ehrh. PI. Off. 1 23. 



S. n. 670. Hall. Hist. v. 1 . 298. 



Sambucus. Raii Syn. 46 1 . Ger. Em. 1422. f. Matth. Valgr. v. 2. 

 606./. (erroneously marked montana.) Camer. Epit.975.f. 

 Fuchs. Hist. 64. f. ' Ic. ?>l.f. Duham. Arb. v. 2. t. Gb. 



(5. S. fructu albo. Ger. Em. 1422./. 



S. acinis albis. -Raii Sijn. 461. 



y. S. laciniatis foliis. Ger. Em. 1 422./ Lob. Ic. v. 2. 1 64./ 



S. laciniato folio, Bauh. Pin. 456. Raii Syn. 461. 



In hedges, coppices, and woods, common j the varieties rare, ex- 

 cept in gardens. 



A small tree, June. 



Stem much and irregularly, though always oppositely, branched, 

 of quick growth ; branches, after a year's growth, clothed with 

 smooth grey bark, and filled with a light spongy pith. Leaflets 

 deep green, smooth, usually 2 pair, with an odd one. Cymes 

 large, smooth, of numerous cream-coloured flowers, with a 

 sweet, but faint smell ; some in each cyme sessile. Berries 

 globular, purplish-black j their stalks reddish. 



It may be observed that our uncertain summer is established by the 

 time the Elder is in full flower, and entirely gone when its berries 

 are ripe. These berries make a useful and agreeable rob, of a 

 slightly purgative quality, and very good for catarrhs, sore 



