400 ICOSANDRIA— POLYGYNIA. Rubus. 



concave, deciduous, of several round, juicy, combined 

 grams, upon a conical, dry, spongy receptacle. Seeds soli- 

 tary, ovate-oblong, keeled, hard, wrinkled and pitted. 

 Pla?iis all perennial. Stems shrubby, rarely herbaceous ; 

 branched or simple; erect, ascending, or trailing; angu- 

 lar or round ; leafy, usually prickly, as well as the whole 

 of the herbage, which is also hairy, often downy, 

 or partly glandular and bristly. Leaves alternate, 

 stalked ; pinnate, digitate, somewhat pedate, ternate, or 

 simple; veiny, serrated, or unequally jagged or notched ; 

 most downy beneath. Stipulas linear-lanceolate, often 

 very narrow, in pairs, attached to, or entirely originating 

 from, the base o^ each footstalk. Fl. terminal, white or 

 red, inodorous ; in the shrubby species numerously ag- 

 gregate, and variously panicled, from the erect or ascend- 

 ing stems of the preceding year; in most of the herba- 

 ceous ones solitary and upright. Fncit black, crimson, 

 or yellowish, wholesome, in many cases highly grateful. 

 The seeds have only one testa, or skin, lined with a 

 simple membrana, oxjilm; see Grammar, 26. They are 

 not therefore 7uits, as they want an external shell ,• nor 

 are the grains drupas, though the seeds are solitary. 



* Ste7ii shrubby, angular. 



1. ^. frut'icosus . Common Bramble, or Blackberry. 



Stems angular, furrowed ; barren ones arched and elon- 

 gated. Prickles hooked. Leaves pedate, of five, stalked, 

 ovate-oblong leaflets; white and downy beneath. Pa- 

 nicle cylindrical, twice compound. Calyx reflexed, un- 

 armed. 



R. fruticosus. Linn. Sp. PL 707. Herb. Linn. n. 5. Willd. v. 2. 

 1084. FL Br. 543. EngL Bot. v.lO. t. 715. Hook. Scot. 160} 

 J-Veihe and Nees Rub. Germ. 24. t. 7 . 

 R. n. 1 109. Hall. Hist. v. 2. 42. 

 R. major, fructu nigro. Bauh. Hist. v. 2, 57./. Chair. Ic. 109./. 



Rail Syn. 467. 

 Rubus. Lob. Obs. 619./. Ic. u. 2. 2 1 1 ./. Dod. Pempt. 742./ 



Ger. Em. 1 272./ Camer. Epit. 75 1 ./. 

 /3 R. vulgaris major, fructu albo. Raii Syn. 467. 

 In hedges, thickets and woods, common. 

 Shrub. July, August. 



Stems truly shrubby, of a dark red or purple, strongly angular, 

 with intermediate furrows, many feet in length, tough and 



