172 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis. 



Passer domesticus (Linn.). House Sparrow. 



Fringilla domestica. English House Sparrow. 



Geog. Dist. — Europe except Italy. Introduced into United 

 States, where thoroughly and ineradicably naturalized in aU 

 settled districts; also Bahamas, Cuba, Nova Scotia, Bermuda 

 and southern Greenland. A resident wherever it occurs. 



In Missouri wherever there are houses occupied by human 

 beings. 



Passer montanus (Linn.). European Tree Sparrow. 



Fringilla montana. Pyrgita montana. 



Geog. Dist. — Europe and Asia to China and Japan. 



In America only in the neighborhood of St. Louis where it 

 was introduced in 1870. It has left the thickly settled parts 

 St. Louis but is found scatteringly throughout the outskirts and 

 suburbs, spreading to neighboring cities, Alton, Grafton, and 

 Belleville, 111., to Creve Coeur Lake, St. Charles, and westward 

 as far as Washington ,^^54 miles from St. Louis (September 1906). 



534. Passerina nivalis (Linn.). Snowflake. 



Emberiza nivalis. Plectrophanes nivalis. Plectrophenax nivalis. Snow- 

 bird. 



Geog. Dist. — Northern parts of northern hemisphere, breeding 

 in arctic and subarctic regions. In America breeding in the 

 barren ground or tundra region from Ungava to Alaska and 

 islands to lat. 82°; in winter south to northern United States, 

 irregularly to District of Columbia, Georgia, southern Ohio, 

 southern Indiana, Kansas, Colorado, eastern Oregon. 



In Missouri an apparently rare winter visitant as far south as 

 the Missouri River. First reported from Audrain Co. by Mrs. 

 Musick of Mt. Carmel, December 22, 1884; four days later the 

 species became common; the last were seen, March 24, 1885. 

 Mr. E. S. Currier met with a flock of fifty in one of the roads 

 leading out of Keokuk, la., January 17, 1887. Mr. E. M. 

 Parker of Montgomery City found the Snowflakes December 

 17, 1901, and again in January on 7, 11, 25 and 31, 1902. 

 Mr. Chas. Tindall of Independence saw one on a sandbar in the 

 Missouri River November 8, 1892. Mr. Trippe in his Birds of 

 Decatur Co., la., just north of central Missouri state line, says 

 in 1872: "A few every winter; abundant in severe seasons." 



