SWALLOW — MEEK'S NOTES ON GEOLOGY OF KANSAS. 517 



But Dr. Hayden thinks my catalogue of fossils does not 

 sustain my Lower Permian. But the logic of the conclusion is 

 not apparent, even admitting all his corrections, additions, 

 subtractions and all the other statements he makes about it to 

 be true ; whereas, many of them, though stated as matters of 

 fact, are strangely different from what appears to be the real 

 state of the case. 



My catalogue gives fifty-seven species (Dr. Hayden says it 

 gives seventy) of Lower Permian fossils, and only sixteen of 

 these had been found in the Carboniferous Rocks, and nearly 

 all of the other forty-one were Permian, or allied to Permian 

 species. This is a good showing for the Permian side. And 

 the late investigations by Messrs. Meek and Hayden and Maj. 

 Hawn and myself make it no worse, but rather the better. 



But let us examine this matter a little more in detail. Dr. 

 Hayden says that all the sixteen Lower Permian and Car- 

 boniferous fossils given in my catalogue, save two, are found 

 in the Lower Permian ; but Maj. Hawn and myself were un- 

 able to find, and Messrs. Meek and Hayden did not find (or 

 mention) nine of them in the Lower Permian, viz.: Pro- 

 ductus cequicostalics, and Pogersii, Spirifer pectenifera, and 

 cameratus, Chonetes, Flemingii, Orthisena umbraculum, 

 Athyrus subtilita, Naticopsis Pricei, nor Macrocheilus spi- 

 ratus. 



Subtracting these nine, then, we have seven Coal Measure 

 fossils left in the Lower Permian. 



But Dr. Hayden says he knows that eight others are found 

 there, which must be added, viz.: Spirifer lineatus, Chonetes 

 mucronata, Euomphalus rugosus, Productus Calhounianus / 

 Philipsia Cliftonensis, Nautilus occidentalis, Aviculo-pecten 

 occidentalism and Fusulina cylindrica. But it is almost certain 

 that Spirifer lineatus does not range up into the Lower Per- 

 mian. We never found it there, and Messrs. Meek & Hay- 

 den say, "it appears not to range very high in the Upper 

 Coal Measures of Kansas." There is, however, a small 

 spirifer in these rocks somewhat like the lineatns, but we 

 never found it in the Carboniferous Eocks below. The Pro- 

 ductus Calhounianus is not found below the upper beds of 

 the Coal Measures, though Messrs. Meek and Hayden have 

 often quoted me as saying it ranges down into the Lower 

 Carboniferous rocks. In this, also, they must be mistaken ; 

 for I have never given it a habitat below the Upper Coal 

 Measures. When it was first noticed and described with 

 Maj. Hawn's collection of Coal Measure fossils, I was satis- 

 fied it belonged to the Permian Rocks, and said, " as far as 

 observed, it is confined to the Upper Coal Measures* (?) and 



* The variety Kansasensis, I then supposed, was found in the Encrinital 

 Limestone. This opinion was based upon an imperfect specimen, and 



