NIPHEU— REPORT ON MISSOURI RAINFALL, iS'/J-Sj. 39I 



SL Joseph, Buchanan Co. Lat. 39^ 46 ; Lon. 94° 49' : grade elevation S45 

 ft. Observer not known up to Dec. 1S69. From Jan. 1S70 to April 

 1873 Smithsonian Record, Schott. Robert Gunn obs., July 1S74 to 

 Dec. 1SS7. 



Sieelville, Cra-wford Co., Mo. Lat. 37° 57' ; Lon. 91° 21' : elevation 5S5 

 feet. E. A. Pinnell obs. M. W. S., Oct. 1884 to Dec. 1S87. The 

 gauge is on a hill side, n.e. exposure, the top being 6 feet above 

 ground. The nearest objects are a house 30 ft. distant, the top of the 

 house being 12 ft. above the gauge, and an apple-tree loft. higher than 

 the gauge 25 to 30 ft. s. 



St. Louis, Mo., at Washington University. Lat. 38° 38' 03". 8; Lon. 

 90° 12' 15". 3: elevation 5:0 feet. F. E. Nipher, obs. M. W. S., Jan. 

 1878 to Dec. 1887. The gauge is in the rear yard of the dwelling- 

 house on the s.e. cor. of iSth and Washington av. It was surrounded 

 by houses and closed fences which protect the gauge from the wind : 

 this, therefore, made it desirable to raise the gauge about 6 feet above 

 ground in order to have it out of the way. When a gauge is exposed 

 to the wind, the effect of raising the gauge above the ground is, as is 

 well known, to cause it to lose some of the rain on account of the drift- 

 ing effect of the wind. The gauge itself forms an obstacle, over the 

 top of which the wind sweeps with a greater velocity than it would 

 have done were the gauge not there, and the rain drifts to the lee- 

 ward of the gauge. Hence gauges exposed to the wind should have 

 the same altitude in order to be comparable. It is never good to ex- 

 pose a gauge on a small building in the country. 



St. Louis — Sigfial Office. Up to Sept. 14, 1883, the gauge was exposed on 

 the roof of the St. Louis Life Insurance Building, on 6lh and Locust. 

 Since that time it has been exposed on the roof of the Custom House. 

 The standard gauge of the Civil Service is used. 



St. Louis, Mo. Dr. George Engelmann. The observations were made at 

 the residence of Dr. Engelmann. From 1836 to 1847 inclusive the 

 gauge was exposed at the s.w. cor. of 2d and Chestnut sts. ; from 1848 

 to Feb. 1868 inclusive the gauge was at the s.w. cor. of 5th and Elm 

 sts. ; from Mar. 1868 to Dec. 31, 1869, the rainfall was observed at 5th 

 and Almond (now Valentine) sts.; from 1870 to iSSi the gauge was 

 exposed at 3003 Locust st. 



St. Louis, Mo. "Smithsonian Tables." This table of observation is from 

 ^Ir. Schott's tables. The names of the observers are given on the 

 table, but the localities of observation are not known. 



St. Louis Waterivorks. A. J. Chaphe and .V. W. Grote obs., Jan. 1S79 to 

 Dec. 1887. M. W. S. gauge. The top of the gauge is 16 in. above the 

 ground, with no tree nor building within 75 yds. 



St. Louis, Mo. Tower Grove. ob-.. June 1S61 to June 1863. 



Troy, Lincoln Co., Mo. Lat. 38° 56' ; Lon. 90^59'. J.A.Ward obs. 



>r. w. s. 



