366 TRANS. ST, LOUIS ACAD. SCIENCE. 



lower axils; pedicels 2 to 6 mm. long, at length mostly glabrous; carpels 

 2; seeds with a broad open groove. — Fl. (1814) i. 166; Watson, Index, 

 169. — Woodland, etc. Pennsylvania to Missouri, south to Alabama and 

 Texas. — What appears to be this species also collected at Pagosa Springs, 

 Col. {B. H. Smith) . 



"^ ■" Petals wanting; flowers 5-merous. 



4. R. ALNiFOLiA, L'Her. — Low shrub; branches puberulent, alter- 

 nate, not spinose; leaves i to 4 in. long, short-petioled, soon glabrate ex- 

 cept on the veins, ovate or broadly elliptical, obtuse to acuminate, mostly 

 acute at base, irregularly glandular-serrate or biserrate with strongly in- 

 curved teeth ; flowers appearing nearly with the leaves, solitary or 2 or 3 

 together in the lower axils ; pedicels from 2 to 4 mm. becoming 8 mm. 

 long, glabrate; carpels 3; seed not grooved, and with nearly plane (but 

 thin) cotyledons, in this respect approaching the next section. — Sert. 

 Angl. (1788) 5; Watson, Index, 168; Coulter, Rocky Mt. Bot. 46. — Cold 

 Swamps, New Brunswick to Saskatchawan, Montana and Oregon, south 

 to Pennsylvania, Illinois, and California. 



* * Flowers mostly hermaphrodite, appearing after the leaves, in usually peduncled um- 

 bels; fruit dark; seeds not grooved, generally notched at base; cotyledons thick 

 and fleshy; stems unarmed; leaves alternate. — § Frangula. 



■^ Leaves deciduous ; flowers j-me reus, puberulent; carpels 3. 



5. R. Caroliniana, Walt. — Tall shrub or small tree with more or less 

 puberulent twigs ; leaves 2 to 5 in. long, on petioles of half or three-fourths 

 in., firm, usually glabrate or somewhat hairy on the veins below, ellipti- 

 cal-oblong to broadly elliptical, acute or acuminate, rather obtuse at base, 

 remotely and obscurely low-serrate or crenulate ; peduncle mostly 6 to 8 

 mm., pedicels 4 to 6 mm. long. — Fl. Carol. (1788) loi ; Watson, Index, 

 169; Sargent, Forest Trees, 4c. — Woodlands, etc. New York to Florida, 

 west to Kansas and Texas. 



6. R. PuRSHiANA, DC. — Small tree with somewhat pubescent twigs; 

 leaves 2 to 6 in. long, on short downy petioles, typically thin and mostly 

 dull, more or less hairy below and on the veins above, broadly elliptical, 

 very obtuse to abruptly blunt-pointed, rounded at base, irregularly and 

 closely serrulate or denticulate and often obscurely crenate; peduncle 

 mostly 8 to 30 mm., and pedicels 4 to 6 mm. long. — Prodr. (1825), ii. 

 25; Watson, Index, 169; Sargent, Forest Trees, 41; Coulter, Rocky 

 Mt. Bot. 47. — British Columbia, and southward in the mountains to Cali- 

 fornia, Montana, and Texas. 



"^ ■*" Leaves evergreen, or tardily and mostly incompletely deciduous ; flowers 4- or 5- 

 merous ; carpels 2 or 3. 



7. R. Californica, Esch. — Tall shrub with more or less tomentose 

 twigs; leaves i to 3 (rarely 4) in. long, on short petioles, mostly some- 

 what puberulent, rather dull or the lower surface glossy, elliptical-oblong 

 or the smallest obovate, obtuse or acutish, mostly rounded or subcordate 



