57S TRANS. ST. LOUIS ACAD. SCIENXE. 



to the blame of the insects, but to the flower itself, which secretes 

 its nectar prematurely. 



A habit on the part of the visitor of forcing its way into a 

 flower before it is fairly open might result in a form like the 

 present, especially when a set of intruders might be. excluded 

 without interfering with the proper visitors. 



POLEMONIACE^. 



Phlox divaricata L. — The narrow tubes are about 14 or 15 

 mm. long. The flowers are adapted to lepidoptera, but are some- 

 times visited by long-tongued bees. On 1 1 days, between April 

 26 and May 19, I observed the following visitors : 



Hjmenoptera. — Apidce, (i) Bombus virginicus Oliv. 9 ; (2) B. va- 

 gans Sm. 9 '■> (S) B. americanorum F. $ ; (4) Sjnhalonia speciosa Cr. 9 • 



Lepidoptera. — Rhofalocera, (5) Danais archippus F. ; (6) Papilio 

 philenor L. ; (7) P. asterias F. ; (8) P. troilus L. ; (9) P. turnus L. ; 

 (10) Colias philodice Godt. ; (11) Pamphila zabulon Bd.-Lec. vars. 

 hobomok Harr. & quadraquina Scud.; (12) Nisoniades icelus Lintn. ; 

 (13) Eudamus bathjllus Sm.-Abb. Sphifi£-id(M, (14) Hemaris thjsbe F. ; 

 (15) Doilephila lineata F. 



Polcmoniitni reptans L. — The flowers are proterandrous as in 

 P. cceruleum.* which it resembles in most respects. The upper 

 part of the tube has a few purplish lines which serve as path- 

 finders. The flowers commonly turn to one side, so that insects 

 land upon the stamens and prefer to insert their tongues be- 

 tween the upper ones. The upper stamens are a little shorter ; 

 consequently, their anthers do not come in the way of the lower 

 ones when a bee rests upon them. 



In the Alps, Mliller found P. ccemilenm visited by workers of 

 5 species of Bojubus^ but I have never seen a Bonihus worker 

 flying while P. rcptaus was in bloom. In low Germany bumble- 

 bees were not observed among the visitors of 7^. ccerulciim. 



On 6 days, between April 20 and May 7, I observed the fol- 

 lowing visitors : 



Hjmenoptera. — Apidcv, (i) Apis mellifica L. ^ , s. & c.p.f ; (2) Bombus 

 americanorum F. 9? s., ab. ; (3) B. vagans Sm. 9, s. ; (4) Sjnhalonia 



* For references see Miiller: Fertilisation of Flowers, 407. 



t cf, male; $, female; {, worker; s, sucking; c. p., collecting pollen; f.p., feeding on 

 jiollen; ab., abundant. 



