47° 



TRANS. ST. LOUIS ACAD. SCIENCE. 



war is, moreover, placed beyond question by the Parian Marble, 

 which, for the same period, counts one archon more than Peta- 

 vius did ; further, by the 28 ephori who ruled during the_ Pelo- 

 ponnesian war (Xen. Hell. ii. 3, 10, and Thuc. viii. 6), by the 

 history of the kings of Bosporus (Diod. xii. 31, 36), by the ages 

 of Sophocles, Plato, Socrates, Isocrates, and others, who, the 

 missing year between Thucydides and Xenophon not being ex- 

 pleted, would have lived one year less than history reports. Add 

 to this the celebration of the Isthmia, and Pythia, mentioned in 

 ancient history. The Pythia, repeated, like Olympian gamesi 

 every four years, were celebrated during the autumn in — 419, 

 the 10th year of the Peloponnesian war, Arch. Alcaeus (Thuc. v. 

 1) ; consequently in a year which, being divided by 4, gives the 

 remainder 3. Since the same Pythia were held (Xen. Hell. iv. 

 13, 14; v. 2, 29, etc.) in —391, — 379> — 37 1 ' — 3 6 7> — 3 2 7> 

 — 287, it is evident that one year must be inserted between Thu- 

 cydides and Xenophon. Furthermore, Thucydides (viii. 10) tells 

 us that the Isthmia ^estiva were celebrated during the 20th year 

 of the Peloponnesian war, i.e. 409, a year which, being divided 

 by 4, gives the remainder 1. Since the same Isthmia took place 

 in — 3S9, Arch. Philocles, as Xenophon (Hel. iv. 5, 1) testifies, 

 Petavius must have omitted one year intervening between Thu- 

 cydides and Xenophon. This is confirmed by the same Isthmia 

 celehrated in — 3S5 (Xen. Hel. v. 1, 29), and those in — 193, 

 Coss. Purpurio and Marcellus ruling from the Idus Mart. 194 to 

 the same in 193 (Livy 33, 32), as well as by the Isthmia hiberna 

 a.d. 68, during the 12th year of Nero (Sueton. Nero 24 ; Philost. 

 V. A. v. 41). The simple logical deduction, therefore, is that 

 Petavius has antedated all events of Greek history down to Xeno- 

 phon bv one year ; the following, however, by two years. 



Historical Events and Eclipses. 



The first Olympian games. Pind. Ol. v. 10, x. 59; 

 Paus. v. 14. 



The 2d year of Archon yEshylus. 



July 2. The 6th year of the Medo-Lydian war. He- 

 rod, i. 74. 



(1) © T. on the Halys, May 17, 20b. 15m. Herod. 

 i. 74. 103. 



July 2. Archon Damasias. 



