EXGELMANN AMER. JUNIPERS OF SEC. SABINA. 59 1 



with small i-seeded berries. — This form connects the northwestern J.occi- 

 dentalis with the southern J. tetragona, so that it is sometimes difficult 

 to clearly separate them. 



6. J. tetragona, Schlechtend. : A low bush with spreading branches 

 and thick sharply quadrangular branchlets; leaves closely appressed, ob- 

 tuse, strongly keeled, distinctly denticulate; anther-scales obtusish, short- 

 cuspidate; berries globose, dark blue-black (4-5 lines thick), 3-5 seeded, 

 seeds angular and more or less grooved or pitted. — Linnsea 12, 495 (1S3S) ; 

 Parlat. 1. c. 491. (See Fig. 6.) 



Var. oligospermia, a bush or low tree; berries smaller, with 1 or 2 

 more regularly formed seeds. 



Mexico, Real del Monte, Ehrenberg, Hart-veg, 436, U/ide ; Orizaba, 

 Linden. — A low shrub 3-6 feet high. The variety from Saltillo, Gregg, 

 106 & 398, 10-30 feet high, with seeds somewhat similar to var. ? con- 

 jungens of the last species, and occasionally protruding, but with stouter 

 branchlets. 



7. J. Sabina, Lin. ; var. procumbens, Pursh. : A prostrate shrub with 

 appressed or slightly squarrose acute leaves in pairs, margin slightly or 

 indistinctly denticulate; anther-scales obtusish, nearly entire; berry on 

 short recurved peduncles, 3-4 lines in diameter, with 1 or 2, rarely 3, often 

 rough seeds. — Fl. 2, 647 (1S16); J. Sabina, Michx. Fl. 2, 246; Parlat. 

 1. c. 4S4; J. frostrata, Pers. syn. 2, 632; J. repens, Nutt. gen. 2, 245; 

 J. Sabina, ,)' hv mills, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2, 166. (See Fig. 7.) 



From Maine and New Brunswick to the shores of the great Lakes and 

 northward to the Hudson Bay regions; westward to the Yellowstone River 

 and to British Columbia and the Pacific coast. — Michaux as well as Hooker 

 seem to indicate that northward the ordinary form of J. Sabina is also 

 found, but I have seen no specimens; the plants from the localities given 

 above are all prostrate, spreading over and closely carpeting sandy shores 

 and rocks, with stems up to 1 inch or more in thickness, with red heart- 

 wood and brown scaly, scarcely shreddy bark; the branches extend 6-10 

 feet or more ; branchlets often covered with subacerose leaves, and some- 

 times even bearing fruit in that state; but generally the fertile plants have 

 the short, appressed leaves common to the whole section. Mr. H. Gill- 

 man — late of Detroit, now in Waldo, Florida — who has very attentively 

 studied the Flora of the Upper Lake country, found the branches usually 

 flattened, and with eccentric annual rings. He observed that where they 

 recline on rocky soil, the lower part, touching the rock, is rubbed off, or 

 the formation of wood there prevented ; but where they spread over fine 

 sand, the lower side is protected and the upper surface undergoes a similar 

 process through the friction of wind-driven sand. He occasionally found 

 berries even 5 lines thick, containing as many as 4 seeds. 



8. J. Virginiana, Lin. : The largest, the widest spread and the most 

 useful of our American Junipers, commonly of pyramidal form, with 

 shreddy bark and red and aromatic heartwood ; slender 4- angled branch- 

 lets, with opposite obtuse or mostly acutish leaves with entire margins ; 



