SEYFFARTH EGYPTIAN THEOLOGY. 65 



The same figure, moreover, expresses kl kr in Takelophis, 

 Nephercheres, Re<Aci'\, and so on. Hence the dish signifies sylla- 

 bicall}' kl^ i.e. atoTV., ^:3 (kol). the universe, and the whole pas- 

 sage reads as follows : " The Creator in the dwelling of the Lord 

 of the universe. 



So far as the sparrow-hawks with human heads (Nos. 48, 49), 

 collocated between the figures of the twelve zodiacal gods, are 

 concerned, they represent the souls of the defunct residing in the 

 stellar heavens, viz. the Manes. This is suggested by Horapollo 

 (i. 7) and by the names of the involved hieroglyphs; for the 

 sparrow-hawk expresses, as we have seen so often (PI. II. 59, a. 

 b.) kr, and hence y.rjp, cor, the soul. The head ^cootit, Germ. 

 Hauj^t, Lat. caput, is the Hebrew inD (kabod), cor, anima. 

 This is confirmed by the vignette in the Todtenbuch, p. 33, where 

 the soul, represented by the same image, going out of the corpse,, 

 flies to the heavens. The papyrus stalk (atoAv, nOJ, goma) refers 

 to the heavenly giarden (s'wm., hortus) inherited by the soul of a de- 

 ceased person, being similar to the Elysian fields. The heavenly 

 farms of the defunct are represented on all funeral papyri, e.g. 

 in the Todtenbuch, PI. XLI. A new copy of the sacred records 

 of the Egyptians, discovered, three years ago, in a catacomb near 

 Thebes, written for the queen, the wife of Pharaoh Horus, 17S0 

 bjc., which is at present 3600 years old, represents the late queen 

 as occupied on her farm with plowing, sowing, reaping, etc. etc. 

 This papyrus, of which photographs were sent to the Smithso- 

 nian Institution and thence to me, is the oldest now known copy 

 of the sacred Egyptian books, and is deposited at present in the 

 national Museum of Paris, having cost the large sum of $1600. 



However, the question will be asked : how is it that the souls 

 of mortals were ranked with the immortal deities? The answer 

 is, that, according to a general opinion of the ancients, the souls 

 of the pious departed were united with the gods. Thus the Divi 

 of the Romans were the deified souls of the defunct. The very 

 same were the Manes and the Mdxape::, the latter signifying both 

 the deities and the souls of the beatified, as we learn from Homer 

 and other ancient authors. Maxdpco^, fjiaxaphrj::, is notoriously the 

 soul united with the heavenly gods, and therefore even sacrifices 

 were offered to the former. The funeral monuments of the Greeks 

 had regularly placed after the name of a deified person the words 

 iv— 5 



