22 TRANS. ST. LOUIS ACAD. SCIENCE. 



than those of Asia. It appears that bronze first came into Europe 

 from the southeast. Bronze implements were introduced into 

 Scandinavia (according to Baron Kiirck) among a people of the 

 stone age by an intrusive people possessing domestic cattle and 

 horses. The same appears to be true of all the rest of Europe. 

 Horses and camels vs^ere first introduced into Egypt and Africa 

 from northern Asia. Jade has been found in the Sw^iss lake* 

 dwellings and in Neolithic deposits in France. Dr. Broca thought 

 it came from China ; but quite as probably it came from the Hi-^ 

 malayan heights between Thibet and Khotan, whence the Chinese 

 have obtained that mineral from the earliest dates known to their 

 history. It is certainly not impossible that jade may have been 

 brought into those localities by apre-Celtic, or even a pre-Semitic, 

 wave of the white race from that primitive centre of their origin. 

 Thus, the progress of discovery contradicts the hypothesis of the 

 late M. Omalius D' Halloy that the Aryan peoples had their first 

 origin in Europe, and carried the common language eastward 

 into Asia at a comparatively recent epoch ; for, if we go back in 

 time as far as science now requires, no reason remains for suppos- 

 ing (as he seems to have assumed) that, if the Aryans first came 

 into Europe from Asia, they must have brought with them the Ve- 

 dic, or Zoroastrian, religious culture, which really had its origin 

 among them in Asia at a much later period of their development. 

 In general, the darker colors prevail in low, moist, hot cli- 

 mates, and near the ocean ; and the lighter colors, in high, dry, 

 mountainous, and cold regions. This is more and more con- 

 firmed by recent observations. Livingstone found it so in Africa. 

 Doubtless, numerous exceptions may be pointed out on a minute 

 examination into the colors of existing peoples in any part of the 

 world ; but the general fact remains. Such causes and conditions 

 do not seem to have produced a like degree of difterence in color 

 on this continent since it was inhabited by the Indians ; yet 

 considerable differences exist. The portions of the continent first 

 inhabited by them were most probably the coast regions, but little 

 elevated, forest-covered and moist, and principally in the tropical 

 latitudes. The existence of very ancient shell-heaps along both 

 the Pacific and Atlantic coasts indicate a resort to the sea. The 

 high mountain basjns may have been occupied at a later period. 

 The Esquimaux, a very old survival, driven into one cold extreme,. 



