Xb TRANS. ST. LOUIS ACAD. SCIENCE. 



actual diflerences of type and color between them and the red 

 Indians; while such Mongoloid resemblances as really exist may 

 be explained, in part, by an affinity that must have originated 

 from some mixture as far back as the Pliocene period, when the 

 reddish-brown race was making its passage along the eastern 

 •coasts and islands of Asia (since submerged) into northern 

 America, and in some part by more recent infusions and mix- 

 tures by way of Behring's Straits, or across the Pacific. But 

 however much the Americans resemble the Mongolians, their 

 resemblance to the Guanches, Berbers, and other ancient peoples 

 of the western branch of the brown band of races, is quite as 

 near, and their i-esemblance to the brown race of the Pacific 

 islands (the eastern branch) is still. greater. Due allowance must 

 ■be made for long separation into distinct areas. 



The general truth is undeniable, that the colors of the exist- 

 ing peoples of eastern Asia become lighter as we ascend the 

 Himalayas from southern and eastern India, and enter upon the 

 elevated and colder regions of northern Asia. This view is coun- 

 tenanced by what has happened to the historical Aryans in Hin- 

 dostan, in a reverse way. They are know^n to have descended 

 into the plains of India from the elevated regions to the north of 

 the Hindu Kush, most probably (according to Bunsen) twenty 

 thousand years ago at least, subduing and overlaying the brown 

 aboriginal natives of lower types. They have retained for the 

 most part the stature and features and intellectual superiority of 

 the Caucasian race, but in color they have changed to various 

 shades of brown, according to the country they have inhabited. 

 As we now find them, they are darker as we descend toward the 

 Gangetic plain. The Dards, occupying the valleys of the upper 

 Indus, at an elevation of eight to ten thousand feet above the sea, 

 and in latitude 34° to 36° N., are of a complexion (says Mr. 

 Drew*) " moderately fair and sometimes light enough for the red 

 to show through it"; and they are stout, well-proportioned, of a 

 good cast of countenance, with hair usually black, sometimes 

 brown, and with brown or hazel eyes. The Kashmirians, who 

 occupy a basin of the middle mountains, at an elevation of 5,200 

 to 7,000 feet above the sea and in latitude 33° to 34^° N., though 

 fine specimens of the Aryan type, are not so light in color as the 



* The Northern Barrier of India. By Frederic Drew. London, 1877. 



