HOLMES DISTRIBUTION OF THE HUMAN RACE. 13 



of later and stronger races ; and that they still exhibit a certain 

 quadrumanous proclivity to nakedness and a savage repugnance 

 to anything like civilization. The same thing may be said of the 

 Busclimen of Southern Africa. Like survivals of older types ap- 

 pear elsewhere in the midst of races with which they have little or 

 no affinity of type, or language ; such are the Ainos, the Minco- 

 pies, the Veddahs, and the Basques. The geographical position 

 of the Negro type in the Australian province on the one hand 

 and in the South African on the other, now so far separated, is 

 obviously analogous to that of the Lemurs in Celebes and in 

 Madagascar (a type which goes back to the Eocene in Europe) ; 

 and it is quite analogous to the distribution of the anthropoid 

 apes into South Africa on the one hand and into the Oriental 

 province on the other (a type which goes back to the Miocene 

 within the PalcBarctic area). And it is obvious that if human 

 forms existed within that same area in the Miocene, their range 

 may as well have extended from Asia to Europe, as did that of 

 the higher apes. In such case, there could be no more difficulty 

 in accounting for their distribution southwardly into South Africa 

 on the one hand and into Australia on the other by the pathway 

 of continuous land, then extending around from Australia to 

 Madagascar and South Africa, than in the case of the lemurs and 

 the anthropoid apes. It is certain that until the glacial epoch 

 there was no such cold in the European portion of the Palaearctic 

 province as would drive such primitive men more southward on 

 pain of extinction in that area. Other causes indeed may have 

 destroyed then? in those more northern areas, where the anthro- 

 poid apes certainly perished, before the glacial times. The 

 extinction there of the inferior tribes and types may have been 

 caused by the aggressions of the stronger races that had arisen in 

 the course of time. That this Negro type did once extend from 

 Australia around to South Africa, there is some confirmation in 

 the fact that even now as we go northward from Australia this 

 type may be distinctly traced as still surviAang, in some part only 

 as a modification of form and color as in the Negritos, the Minco- 

 pies of the Anduman Islands and Borneo, the Veddahs of Ceylon, 

 and the black tribes of the Nilgherries in Hindostan, but for the 

 most part as mixtures of the Negroes with other races, forming 

 the various negroid peoples that still survive in those areas and 



