O TRANS. ST. I.OUIS ACAD. SCIENCE. 



type, some of them being of extremely low forms, while others, 

 are not remarkably inferior to the older skulls of known white 

 peoples, and they are thought by some to resemble those of the 

 Lapps, and by others to be not much unlike those of people who 

 still survive in France. The inferior type is said to indicate a 

 race small in stature, with a small brain, retreating forehead^ 

 prominent superciliary ridges, and projecting faws. 



More recently. Dr. Paul Broca has established the existence in 

 Europe of at least three distinct fossil human races, connected 

 with two essentially difterent types : one the dolichocephalic 

 (long-headed), the other the brachycephalic (short-headed). 

 The three races are distinguished as those of Canstadt, of Cro- 

 magnon, and of Furfooz. The first is described as long-flat- 

 headed, of which the Neanderthal skull is an example, recalling 

 the form of the head in the anthropoid Apes. The cranial capa- 

 city is even smaller than that of the Hottentots and Australians. 

 Other characteristics of inferiority are the prominence of the 

 incisors, the great size of the jaws, the total absence of chin, and 

 of the alveolar arch. This race appears to have been nearly ex- 

 terminated by the intrusion of that of Cromagnon. This intruding 

 type approaches that of the Caucasians, but exhibits peculiarities 

 which distinguish them from all modern races. It coincides in 

 age with the second or Neolithic half of the Qiiaternary epoch. 

 The race of Furfooz, which goes back to the age of the Reindeer 

 in France, was a small, brachycephalic or round-headed type, 

 being only from 42 to 5 feet in height, "descending to the level of 

 the Lapps." It approaches nearer to the race of Canstadt than 

 to that of Cromagnon. They dwelt in caverns and lived by the 

 chase. Their implements were of a rude sort, but they made 

 pottery. This is said to indicate a date a little before the epoch 

 of polished stone. These Neolithic people were all evidently 

 savage barbarians, living as hunters, sheltered in caves, and were 

 eaters of raw flesh. The Paleolithic men must have been in a 

 still ruder and merely animal condition. Both have been spoken 

 of as having a mode of life resembling that of the Esquimaux, or 

 the Australians. Not that they wea'e necessarily the same in race, 

 but only (for that matter) that they belonged to branching streams 

 of the human family that had as yet only reached a stage of pro- 

 gress comparable with that in which these races now are. 



