ENGELMANN REVISIOM OF THE GENUS PINUS, ETC. I/I 



the Californian P. nmricata and in the Mediterranean P. Pyre- 

 naica. This character has to be studied intelligently among the 

 native trees in their homes. So long as only a few herbarium 

 specimens can be consulted it must remain doubtful, and errors 

 may creep in, especially as collectors have heretofore paid so lit- 

 tle attention to the necessity of obtaining instructive specimens, 

 which, however, are easily procured in any season of the year, 

 provided the tree bears at all ; for always either flowers or young 

 cones, or in spring both together, can be obtained. 



The compound fruit resulting from these aments, known as 

 the cone or strobile^ matures at the end of the second, or in 

 a single species, P. Pinea, of the third season ; during the first 

 twelve months it does not enlarge much ; in most species it re- 

 tains its erect position during that period, but in a few it becomes 

 reversed soon after flowering and before the leaves are developed 

 {P. sylvestris and EUiottii) ; in the allies of P. Strobiis the slender 

 peduncle bends downwards in the second summer apparently by 

 the weight of the swelling cone ; but in the majority of the species 

 the cones in that period assume a horizontal or somewhat de- 

 clined, rarely a strictly recurved, position. Only in P. Banksiana 

 it is as often curved upwards as horizontal. We continue to speak 

 of subterminal and of lateral cones in regard to that part of the 

 axis which bore the flowers, though the branch elongates in the 

 next year, and the maturing cone, strictly speaking, thus always 

 becomes lateral. 



The cones are, as the name might indicate, conical, from sub- 

 globose to oval or subcylindrical, mostly more or less symmetri- 

 cal, often slightly oblique, and in some Californian and Mexican 

 species (P. insignis^ tuberculata^ muricata, paiulaj so much so, that 

 the scales on the inner and the outer side become very unequal ; 

 in the first named species especially we find the scales on the 

 outer, convex, side much larger and tumid ; on the inner, more 

 flat, side smaller and depressed, but singularly enough more fer- 

 tile than the big outer ones. The color of the cones is from gray 

 to light leather-brown, reddish, or deep brown, with a dull or a 

 glossy or almost varnished surface. They vary in length from I2 

 or 2 to 13 or even, in P. LaiJibertiana, to iS inches. 



The phyllotactic arrangement of the scales is quite interesting. 



