282 TRANS. ST. LOUIS ACAD. SCIENCE. 



loyetv is applied to express the value of the so-called " symbolic 

 hieroglyphs"; and hence it is self-evident that ideologic hiero- 

 glyphs can indeed express ideologically an idea, but never pro- 

 nounce the latter, it not being pronounceable. Further, the 

 crescent, as Clement says, signifies the moon — '/.aza zb xoocoXo- 

 youf/suou sldo^ — because the name of the crescent was ?nan, the 

 Greek /rrjv^^ the Hebrew mem\ etc., and hence it expressed pho- 

 netically, viz. syllabically, the name of the moon, f?ian, fuju/]. 

 This is confirmed by numberless inscriptions, particularly by the 

 group of the crescent (mn), star (k), and hand (0, which express 

 the letters 7nn kt (man kot), revolution of the moon, i.e. month. 

 The name of Menes was likewise expressed by the crescent, of 

 course by the letters mn. 



Furthermore, Cosmas Indicopleustes (Cosmogr. p. 161, ed» 

 Montf.) bears witness that the hieroglyphs o\'r/. ecm ypdmiaxa^ 

 fidlXov ypaaijidzcov aoftfyoXa — that is to say, the hieroglyphs ex- 

 pressed syllables. Had he taken a^jfioolubz for ideologic, the 

 Egyptians would have expressed a phonetic character ideologi- 

 cally, which is downright nonsense. 



Again, Cassiador (Chron. ad Theod.regem) says: "Obelisco- 

 rum prolixitas ad Circi altitudinem sublevatur, ubi sacra Prisco- 

 rum Chaldaicis signis, quasi Uteris indicantur." Consequently the 

 Egyptian hieroglyphs must have originated in Chaldsea prior to 

 the dispersion of the nations, and this is confirmed by the R. and 

 T. stones. They call the demotic letters only ^ AquTZVca/A and 

 Iv^copca^ domestic, and so they report implicitly the hieroglyphic 

 writing to have originated in the primitive fatherland of Menes 

 and his family, namely, in Chaldsea. Indeed, from the same coun- 

 try the Chinese, Japanese and Mexicans proceeded, and their 

 manner of writing was likewise a syllabic one, as I learned from 

 Guitzlaff', the most erudite Chinese scholar of modern times. 

 The Chinese expressed, e.g., the name of the city of Cassel 

 by two Chinese hieroglyphs, of which the first sounded cas^ the 

 second sel. 



This gross misconception of Clement's reports is the fatal basis 

 of Ch's hieroglyphic S}Stem. It is self-evident that as soon as we 

 interpret Clement, Cosmas, Cassiador, the R. and T. sto'ies, as 

 they read, the system of Ch. crumbles into dust. 



