SEVFKARTH — ORIGINAL EGYPTIAN NAMES OF PLANETS. 413 



is not even a single one of Manetho's 31 dynasties and of his 300 

 kings placed in the same year by the said authors. How came this 

 to pass.'' Manetho's Grecian history, written in Greek for Ptole- 

 maeus Philadelphus, 2S0 B.C., perished, and we possess only a few 

 excerpts preserved by Josephus, Julius Africanus, Eusebius and 

 his Armenian translator. None of these authors says with so 

 much as a word whether Manetho's dynasties had ruled one after 

 the other, or simultaneously. The aforesaid chronologers, how- 

 ever, preposterously stated all Manethonian dynasties to have been 

 successive ones. The Vetus Chronicon,*it is true, reports that the 

 first 13 Egyptian dynasties ruled simultaneously in different pro- 

 vinces ; but Syncellus, who saved the Vetus Chronicon, being a 

 father of the Church, was charged with having committed a pious 

 fraud, and therefore his report that Menes reigned since the be- 

 ginning of the first.Canicular period in 37S0B.C. was condemned. 

 Besides, Josephus, Julius Africanus, Eusebius and his translator 

 refer, nearly in all instances, to the same dynasty and the same 

 king's different reigning times ; and hence the present unparal- 

 leled chaos of Egyptian history is natural. 



It being evident that upon the Egyptian names of the planets it 

 depends to understand the Egyptian names and emblems of the 

 signs of the Zodiac, to explain the religions and the deities both 

 of the Egyptians and all other pagan nations, to decipher numer- 

 ous planetary configurations of old, to destroy a hundred aerial 

 castles, and to restore the real history of Egypt, etc., it is worth 

 while to examine a papyrus which clearly and reliably furnishes 

 the required information. 



I. The Najnes and Emblems of the Planets. 



In 1826, during my researches in the Museum of Turin, I was 

 informed that this institution preserved a large chest containing 

 half a million of papyrus fragments, already examined, two years 

 earlier, by Champollion of Paris. On looking at them I noticed 

 at a glance that many of them once belonged to a historical papy- 

 rus similar to Manetho's history. Hence I resolved to reexamine 

 the same chest, and to reunite, as far as possible, the dismembered 

 pieces, which was done after six weeks of arduous toil. This is 

 the origin of the so-called autograph of Manetho at Turin, soon 

 after (but in many places incorrectly) published in Lepsius's 



