BROADHEAD— CARBONIF. ROCKS OF EASTERN KANSAS. 49 1 



The group of the Permian Mountains forms an interesting 

 study, the strata are easily traced, and the scenery afforded is very 

 fine and the views very extensive. 



After wanting the above, I have made sections of the Permian 

 further north, chiefly among upper strata. At Manhattan I 

 observed the following : 



1. 4^ feet of drab limestone in layers, chiefly 12 to 16 inches, used exten- 



sively in railroad masonry, for which purpose it is taken some 

 distance on line of Kansas Pacific railway. 



2. 30 " shaly slope. 



3. 3I " rather uniformly fine grained limestone; lower bed mottled 



drab, compact, and somewhat of a splintrv fracture ; rather 

 uncommon in this formation. 



4. 170 " to base of hill, chiefly of shales; a bed of red shale halt-way 



down. 



No. I is full of Fusulina cylindrical which sometimes is ab- 

 sent, leaving the rock full of small cells. 



On central branch Union Pacific railway these limestones are 

 extensively quarried for 3o miles from Frankfort to Waterville. 

 The general appearance of the rock is drab or buff' inclining 

 (near the river) to a bluish-drab ; but few fossils can be obtained. 

 A Fusulina limestone abounds on the higlier hills which very 

 much resembles that of Manhattan ; it is also generally cherty. 

 Red shaly beds appear at Blue Rapids, and these shale beds 

 often contain quite extensive deposits of gypsum. The quantity 

 of this is such as to keep actively at work a plaster mill. A gene- 

 ral section near Blue Rapids is as follows : 



1. Limestone on hilltop. 



2. 100 feet shales; some chert seen on slopes. 



3. 4 " of magnesian limestone in layers of 4 to 12 inches. 



4. 15 " of shales with small geodes. 



5. 4 "of limestone in 16-inch layers, whitish drab, with blue chert 



between the layers. 



6. 3c " shales. 



7. \\ " building-stone, coarsely cellular. 



S. 30 '• shales, lower part red, with gypsum. 

 9. 4 " limestone. 

 10. 4 " nodular shales. . 



Meekella striato-costata is found in upper beds ; in the lower 

 -WQ ^nd Productus semireticulatus^ CJionetes granulifera^ Eu- 

 microtis haivni, Hemipronites crenistria^ and Fusulina. 

 iv— 3— 7 



