the Mastodon and Halitherium, and possessed the knowledge of fire. The 

 worked flints of Thenay, found by the Abb^ Bourgeois, are assigned to the 

 Lower Miocene, below the La Beauce chalk. Man's existence, at that 

 epoch, "is a clearly revealed scientific fact." 



The Neanderthal skull and the skulls of Canstadt, Eguisheim. Brux,- 

 Denise, L'Olmo, and Clichy, are compared, and found to belong to the 

 oldest people, whose bones have been yet discovered in France, called the 

 Race of Canstadt. They were both dolichocephalic and platycephalic. 

 They exhibit much resemblance to the skulls of the anthropoid apes. 

 The superciliary arches of the Neanderthal skull are said to be "alto- 

 gether simian, "'though clearly a human skull. Its capacity is found to 

 be 1 200 cubic ceritimetres, that of the average European being from 1550 

 to i6ooc.c., and that of the Australian 1295 to 1347 ^-c. A jaw of this race 

 from Naulette is prognathous, but has neither chin nor tubercles geni. 

 This flat-headed race is supposed to have lived contemporaneously with 

 other and superior types as a survival of an older and inferior type. The 

 author is not prepared to say whether, on the whole, this Neanderthal skull 

 approaches nearer to man than to the anthropoid ape. 



A small nnmber of Brachycephals appeared in France at the close of 

 the Palaeolithic epoch. Next, there was an invasion of Dolichocephals 

 from the north, and then of Brachycephals, at the close of the Polished- 

 stone epoch, along both sides of the Alpine range, and some mixture with 

 the earlier races is supposed to have formed the Celtic type of central 

 France. 



The author follows the classification of Dr. Paul Broca, making five 

 i?«;««7/e5 of the Order Primates : i. Men; 2. Anthropoid Apes ; 3. The 

 Pithecians; 4. The Cebians ; and 5. The Lemurs. 



He concludes that the Human Family is composed of distinct species, 

 of which he ventures to define three as follows : 



I. Brachycephalic, of low stature, yellowish skin, broad and flat face, 

 oblique eyes with contracted eyelids, hair scanty, coarse, and (in 

 section) round, 

 n. Dolichocephalic, tall stature, fair complexion, narrow face, project- 

 ing on the median line; hair abundant, light colored, soft, and 

 (in section) elliptical. 

 in. More dolichocephalic, black skin, hair flat and rolled into a spiral, 

 very prognathous, radius long, buttocks prominent, breasts (in 

 female) elongated. 



The Berber type is considered as composed of a brown autochthonous 

 groundwork and a mixture with northern blonde whites, eastern Arabs, 

 and southern negroes ; the autochthonous stock being probably the off- 

 spring of some more general types of which we have no knowledge. 



Perhaps we might infer that the author's view was, that the brown type 

 was formed by an admixture of the yellow or white with the black species. 

 Though this may be very possible, it would seem to be worthy of conside- 



