Bibliography 



Ihe following titles, all but a few of which are cited in the text, are 

 those that I have used in writing this book. For anyone wishing to read further in 

 the very extensive literature on bird migration, I suggest the excellent reviews by 

 Drost (1951), Griffin (1944, 1952a), Matthews (1955b), and Schiiz (1952), all 

 of which contain fine bibliographies listing many important titles that I have been 

 unable to include here. 



In this book I have not dealt with the stimuli responsible for migration, and as 

 an introduction to this subject one might start with Farner's careful review paper 

 ( 1950 ) and the works of Rowan and Wolf son cited below. 



Bagg, Imhof, Salomonsen, and Williamson, together with a few others men- 

 tioned in their papers, are making important observations on the relation of 

 traveling birds to moving air masses; I consider their publications extremely 

 important for all to read. Nor can the modern student of bird migration afford to 

 overlook "Normal weather charts for the Northern Hemisphere" (U.S. Weather 

 Bureau, 1952). 



Concerning migration North American ornithologists have recorded many inci- 

 dents and arrival dates. But there has been little attempt to study the behavior of 

 birds, in the way that Lack, L. Tinbergen, and their colleagues in Europe have 

 studied it, in the very act of passage. As an introduction to important papers and 

 bibliographies on visible migration, the April 1953 issue of the Ibis ( Volume 95 ) , 

 is a logical starting place. Matthews ( 1955b ) has a full review and a bibliography 

 of studies that have been made on avian relation to the sun, work that has been 

 carried out almost entirely in Europe. 



In regard to learning and instinct, the student may refer to Lorenz (1935, 

 1937), Thorpe (1951a), and N. Tinbergen (1951), studying at the same time the 

 critique by Lehrman (1953). Although the important role of tradition has been 

 suggested by numerous writers over a long period of years, such as Palmen 

 (1874), Reynaud (1898), and Howard (1920), in the modern literature available 

 to me the subject is treated only briefly and often self-consciously (with abundant 

 apologies for anthropomorphic interpretations ) . But I found the work of Cushing 

 to hold original, straightforward discussions of traditions, and Mayr (1942) and 

 Nice (1943) have offered a number of stimulating ideas and observations. 



259 



