TRAVELS AND TRADITIONS OF WATERFOWL 



Canada Goose. See Goose, Can- 

 ada. 



Canada lay, 156 



Canvasback, 6, 8, 10, 14-18, 20, 

 23, 26, 37, 40, 46, 248: food 

 of duckling, 16-18; nesting, 

 39, 242; juvenile environment, 

 39; migration, 90, 95, 104, 

 107-109, 115-116, 122, 137, 

 140-141, 145, 149-156, 167, 

 175; nonbreeding, 124; win- 

 tering grounds, 218-219; pio- 

 neering, 228-229; hunting of, 

 254-255 



Cap Tormente, Quebec, 219 



Capistrano Mission, San Juan, 

 227 



Captive-breeding, 236 



Carolina Paroquet, 246 



Catbird, 62, 138, 144 



Cedar River, 100 



Chaffinch, 223-224 



Chesapeake Bay, 6 



Chickadee, 225 



Chronometer, 194. See also 

 Navigation, Time. 



Cinnamon Teal, 248 



Classification of migration, 135- 

 148 



Cliff Swallow, 225, 227, 228, 

 232 



Climate, influence of changes in, 

 234 



Cloud, as travel guide, 84, 197. 

 See also Overcast. 



Clutch size, 256 



Coastal hiatus, 129-130 



Collared Turtle Dove, 228 



Color, perception of, 36 



Colorado, 248 



Communication, social, 20-28 



Compass, sun's function as, 84, 

 156-160, 196-197, 212 



Consummatory act, stimuli, 124 



Contact call, 21-22 



Cooper's Hawk, 62, 138 



Coot, 21, 33, 142, 173-174, 240 



Coriolis force, 187, 194, 200 



Courtship behavior, 16, 20, 40 



Cowbird, 62, 66, 70 



Crane, Cuban, 240 



Crane, Florida, 240 



Crane, Little Brown, 240 



Crane, Sandhill, 119, 240, 246 



Crane, Whooping, 225, 236 



Crow, American, 62, 117, 128- 

 133, 147, 165, 171, 172, 206, 

 225, 233 



Crow, Hooded, 206 



296 



Cuban Crane, 240 



Curlew, Eskimo, 247 



Currituck Sound, 148 



Cycle: migratory, 89-94; repro- 

 ductive, 107-108, 122-127 



Cyclone. See Atmospheric pres- 

 sure. 



Day length, 73, 114, 127, 159- 

 160, 172 



Decoy pipe, 51-52 



Deer, White-tailed, 225, 228 



Defense flight, 40-41 



Deflection of migration: by Lake 

 Manitoba, 130-131; by bad 

 weather, 175, 198; by ecolo- 

 gical barriers, 211 



Delaware, 188 



Delta Marsh: description, 3-13; 

 map, 9 



Density of breeding population, 

 249-252 



Des Moines River, 100 



Dihedral, 63 



Direction: standard, 96-97, 110, 

 116, 117, 128-130, 205, 206; 

 awareness of, 121-123, 192- 

 213, 206-207 



Dispersal: of juveniles, 94, 112, 

 144-147, 207-213; of adults, 

 233 



Display, sexual, 16, 20, 40 



Distance: relativity of, 83, 86, 

 149-156, 177, 185, 195-196; 

 traveled in a day, 103, 116, 

 129, 161; to horizon, 150- 

 157, 177-178; perception of, 

 233 



Distance effect, 159, 199-201 



Diurnal migration, schedule: in 

 waterfowl, 95-96, 114, 116- 

 118; in other birds, 129 



Divide, migratory, 121, 130-131 



Diving ducks, compared with 

 river ducks, 93. 139, 228-229 



Dog Lake, Manitoba, 121, 242 



Domestication, 236, 237 



Dove, Collared Turtle, 228 



Downy Woodpecker, 237 



Drainage of breeding grounds, 

 249-250 



Drake: relation to natal range, 

 92; different departure sched- 

 ules, 107-109; molting shifts, 

 139-144 



Drift, migrational: with bad 

 weather, 175, 198; with air- 

 mass movements, 208-213, 

 234 



Drive, 125-127 



Drought, effect on breeding dis- 

 tribution, 124, 230 

 Duck, Harlequin, 248 

 Duck, Mottled, 239-240 

 Duck, Ring-necked, 112, 122, 



147, 230, 239, 248 

 Duck, Ruddy, 93, 122, 248 

 Duck Hawk. See Hawk, Duck. 

 Duck pass, 5-6, 8-13, 101 

 Duckling: first flights, 15, 17, 

 145, 228; food habits, 15-17; 

 natal environment, 39, 50-52, 

 83, 86, 195-196, 257; over- 

 land travel, 79; transplanting, 

 234-236 

 Duffer's course, 58-59 



Eared Grebe, 168 



Eagle, Bald, 209 



East Meadow Ranch, Manitoba, 



97 

 Eclipse plumage and molt, 7, 



24, 107-108, 136-137, 139- 



144 

 Ecological cues to orientation, 



82-86, 154-156, 179-183, 



194-205 

 Ecological isolation, 242 

 Ecological selectivity, 40, 206, 



211 

 Egg: failure to identify, 19, 42; 



laying, 125, 202 

 Egret, American, 248 

 Egret, Snowy, 248 

 Eider, American, 240 

 Eider, Hudson Bay, 240 

 Eider, Northern, 240 

 Eider, Pacific, 240 

 Enemies, reaction to, 24-25, 35, 



37-38, 40-41, 43-44 

 English Pheasant, 234 

 English Sparrow. See Sparrow, 



English. 

 Equator, 159, 180 

 Equilibrium, 61-64 

 Eskimo Curlew, 247 

 Ethics, shooting, 253-256 

 Europe, drift of North Ameri- 

 can birds to, 208, 213 

 European Robin, 79 

 European Sparrow Hawk, 206 

 European Swallow, 198, 200 

 European Woodcock, 118 

 Evening Grosbeak, 233 

 Everson Lake, Minn., 244 

 Experience, 14-49, 94, 205-206, 



242, 254 

 Experiments: in flight behavior, 



