62-72; in orientation, 171, 



193-202 

 Extirpation of species, 244-246 

 Eye, 29-38; diagram, 30, 34 



Falcon. See Hawk, Duck. 



Fall migration, 89-91, 95-113, 

 136-139, 148, 151-156, 165- 

 170, 172, 174-175, 177, 205- 

 213, 218-220, 231-232, 235- 

 236, 255: mass, 81, 80, 95- 

 111, 136-137, 173, 206; goal 

 of, 91-92, 206; standard di- 

 rection of, 96-100, 110; flock 

 size, 97; weather during, 97- 

 99, 104-107, 137, 207-213; 

 gyrations during, 98-99, 197; 

 adult-juvenile ratio in, 109- 

 110; return to familiar stop- 

 ping places, 110-111; solitary, 

 138 



Family bond, 49-50, 93-94, 

 127, 206, 226, 240, 241 



Fannestelle, Manitoba, 82 



Fatigue, 78-79 



Feigning, 24-25 



Fieldfare, 234 



Finger Lakes, 121 



Flicker, 117, 128-133, 164, 172, 

 190 



Flight, 55-72: instinctive, 15; 

 learned aspects, 17; of air- 

 craft, 33, 56-57, 63-64, 151, 

 155-157; defense, 40-41; of 

 blindfolded birds, 61-72; in 

 fog, 83, 163-167; in rain, 

 167-169, 174; over cloud, 

 169-170. See also Altitude of 

 flight. 



Flightless period, 7, 24, 107- 

 108, 136-137, 139-144; kill- 

 ing for market during, 245, 

 253 



Flocks: size in fall, 97; compo- 

 sition, 109-110; size in spring, 

 115-116 



Florida Crane, 240 



Florida Duck, 239-240 



Fog, 83, 163-167 



Food habits, 16-18, 26, 30 



Franklin's GuU, 12, 165, 190 



Freeze-up migration, 90, 102- 

 104, 107 



Gadwall, 19, 23, 235, 239, 248: 

 migration, 92, 108-109, 122, 

 145; pioneering, 230 



Game farm, 236 



Geographical goal, 193, 206 



Geographical races, 123, 237- 



238 

 Glacial recession, 233 

 Golden Plover, 144-171, 183 

 Golden-eye, American, 122, 127, 



248 

 Golden-eye, Barrow's, 127, 248 

 Gonadal cycle, 123 

 Goose, Blue, 4, 42, 44, 116, 117, 



121, 123, 132, 166, 169, 170 

 Goose, Canada, 22, 25, 26, 43, 



61, 79, 82: stubble flights, 77; 



family bond, 93; migration, 



99, 116, 119, 121, 138, 165- 



166; new colonies, 226, 234, 



244; pioneering, 231; racial 



divisions, 238-239; nesting, 



242, 245; former range, 243- 



245 

 Goose, Giant Canada, 243-244 

 Goose, Greater Snow, 82, 219 

 Goose, Hawaiian, 236 

 Goose, Lesser Snow, 4, 42, 44, 



116, 117, 121-123, 132, 166, 



169, 170 

 Goose, Pink-footed, 139 

 Goose, Richardson's, 116, 119, 



120, 138 

 Goose, White-fronted, 122, 138, 



175 

 Goshawk Hawk, 138 

 Grackle, Bronzed, 62, 77, 128- 



133 

 Grant's Lake, Manitoba, 232 

 Great Blue Heron, 119 

 Great Britain, 222, 234 

 Great Horned Owl, 62 

 Great Tit, 222 

 Greater Scaup, 167, 219 

 Greater Snow Goose, 82, 219 

 Grebe, Eared, 168 

 Grebe, Western, 143 

 Greenland low-pressure area, 



208, 210, 213, 234 

 Green-winged Teal. See Teal, 



Green-winged. 

 Grosbeak, Evening, 233 

 Ground speed, 57-59, 60, 63, 



67, 95, 103, 151, 177 

 Grouse, Sharp-tailed, 224 

 Gulf of Mexico, 129, 184 

 Gulf Stream, 208 

 Gull, Franklin's, 12, 165, 190 

 GuU, Herring, 12, 77, 198-199 

 Gull, Lesser Black-backed, 198- 



199 

 Gun pressure, 243-248, 253-256 

 Gunners' bags, 107-110 

 Gyrations, 98-99, 197 



SUBJECT INDEX 



Habitat, awareness of favorable, 



39-40, 211 

 Hail, 167 



Harlequin Duck, 248 

 Hawaiian Goose, 236 

 Hawaiian Islands, 177-179 

 Hawk, Cooper's 62, 138 

 Hawk, Duck, 34-35, 64, 138, 



225 

 Hawk, European Sparrow, 206 

 Hawk, Goshawk, 138 

 Hawk, Marsh, 13, 62 

 Hawk, Pigeon, 34, 35 

 Hawk, Red-tailed, 119, 133, 171 

 Hawk, Rough-legged, 119, 129 

 Hawk, Sharp-shinned, 138 

 Hawk, Sparrow, 119 

 Hazards of migration, 163-176 

 Heath Hen, 246 

 Heritable wildness, 224 

 Heron, Black-crowned Night, 



12, 21, 138 

 Heron, Great Blue, 119 

 Heron Lake, Minn., 244-245 

 Herring Gull, 12, 77, 198-199 

 Home range, 82, 85, 121 

 Homing, 46, 50, 92, 121, 126- 

 127, 193-205, 211, 230, 238, 

 242 

 Homing Pigeon, 186-187, 190, 



197-201 

 Hooded Crow, 206 

 Horizon: distance to, 150-157, 

 177-178; elevation of, 154- 

 155 

 Horned Owl, Great, 62 

 Horseshoe Lake, 111., 231 

 Hudson Bay, 231 

 Hudson Bay Eider, 240 

 Hudson River, 121 

 Hudson's Bay Company, 247 

 Hungarian Partridge, 228 

 Hunting: decoys, 42; bag com- 

 position, 107-110; market, 

 219, 243-248, 253; opening 

 dates, 235, 254-256; prac- 

 tices, 243-248, 253-256; ef- 

 fect on migrants, 246-248 



Iceland, 234 



Idaho, 248, 257 



Illinois, 18, 101, 110, 111, 112, 



147, 231, 243 

 Illinois River, 100 

 Imagery, 47 

 Imprinting, 49-52 

 Incubation, 19, 125 

 Independence, age of, 93, 145, 



228 



297 



