TRAVELS AND TRADITIONS OF WATERFOWL 



Indiana, 105, 243 

 Infra-red radiation, 36 

 Instinct, 14-18, 40, 193 

 Iowa, 170, 243, 248, 253 

 Ithaca, N.Y., 173 



Jackdaw, 42, 99, 222 



Jaeger, Long-tailed, 185 



James Bay, 121, 169, 232 



Jay, Blue, 127 



Jay, Canada, 156 



Junco, Oregon, 123 



Junco, Slate-colored, 132-133, 

 190 



Juvenal plumage, 141 



Juvenile: in fall migration, 92- 

 94, 109-110, 144-147, 205- 

 213; homing of, 92, 127, 211- 

 212, 230, 238; wandering of, 

 111-112 



Kentucky, 105 

 Kill. See Hunting. 

 Kingbird, Arkansas, 228, 232- 

 233 



Labrador, 247 



Laguna Madre, 219 



Lake Agassiz, 234 



Lake Christina, Minn., 6, 99, 

 116, 117, 152, 160, 161 



Lake Dauphin, 6, 9 



Lake Erie, 6 



Lake Manitoba, 6, 9, 84, 128- 

 133, 141, 143, 234 



Lake of the Woods, 211 



Lake St. Martin, 233 



Lake Superior, 211 



Lake Winnibago, 8 



Lake Winnipeg, 6, 9, 84, 96, 

 99, 102, 121 



Lake Winnipegosis, 6, 96, 108 



Landing, 55, 61, 66-72 



Landmarks, 82-85, 101-102, 

 154-156, 178-179, 222 



Latitude and longitude, sun as 

 cue to, 159-162, 192, 198- 

 204 



Leach's Petrel, 200 



Leadership, in migration, 110, 

 206, 220 



Learning, 14-28: definition, 14; 

 to eat, 16-18; to fly, 17; iden- 

 tity of eggs and young, 19, 

 42; from companions, 26-28, 

 110, 206, 217-236; location 

 of nest, 42-43; identity of 

 mate, 42, 52; identity of 

 mother, 49-52, 205; latent, 

 144 



298 



Lesser Black-backed Gull, 198- 

 199 



Lesser Scaup. See Scaup, Less- 

 er. 



Lesser Snow Goose. See Goose, 

 Lesser Snow. 



Libau Marsh, Manitoba, 6, 96, 

 99, 121, 128, 131 



Little Brown Crane, 240 



Long Island, N.Y., 112 



Longspur, 168 



Long-tailed Jaeger, 185 



Loon, Common, 173 



Louisiana, 103, 105, 147 



Lower Souris Refuge, 102, 112, 

 175 



Macdonald, Manitoba, 171 



McGinnis Slough, 111., 110-112, 

 147 



Mackenzie River, 123 



Magnetic awareness, 186, 191, 

 193 



Magpie, 241 



Mallard, 5, 8, 10, 18, 21, 23, 24, 

 26, 27, 35, 59, 60, 62, 79, 

 248: vocabulary, 22; reaction 

 to enemy, 24, 35, 37-38; eye 

 construction, 29, 30, 34; ju- 

 venile environment, 39; terri- 

 torial defense, 40; prospective 

 actions, 53-54; stubble flights, 

 73-78, 82, 195; migration, 90, 

 92, 95, 101, 104, 107-113, 

 115, 118-119, 122, 125-127, 

 133, 140-142, 145, 148, 179; 

 restocking, 222, 236; wildness, 

 224; pioneering, 228-229; 

 nesting, 242; domestic strains, 

 236, 237; hunting of, 255 



Man: air flights, 33, 57, 63-64, 

 151, 155-157; memory, 47- 

 49; awareness of sun, 156-162, 

 202; sensitivity to magnetic 

 field, 191; orientation of, 

 192-193, 201-204; orientation 

 experiments with, 195, 201; 

 traditions of, 220-221 



Manx Shearwater, 198, 199 



Maps: Delta Marsh, 9; standard 

 fall directions, 96; overland 

 pass, 101; weather, 105, 119, 

 210; wanderings of Blue- 

 winged Teal, 112; standard 

 spring directions, 117; deflec- 

 tion of migrants around Lake 

 Manitoba, 130; dispersal of 

 young ducks from South Da- 

 kota, 145; Manitoba travel 



horizons, 157; North Pacific 

 Ocean, 178 



Marsh Hawk, 13, 62 



Maryland, 230 



Massachusetts, 167 



Mating. See Breeding behavior. 



Maturation, 15-17 



Meadow Mouse, 13, 149 



Meadowlark, 233 



Memory, 46-54, 156, 162, 205 



Merganser, American, 122 



Merganser, Red-breasted, 122 



Metabolic cue to time, 75-77, 

 80, 160 



Michigan, 105, 248 



Migration: nocturnal, 21, 103, 

 114, 116, 118, 137-138, 165- 

 174; homing, 46, 92, 121, 

 126-127, 198, 200, 205, 211, 

 230, 238; abmigration, 92; di- 

 urnal schedule, 81, 95-96, 

 114, 116-118, 129; cycle, 89- 

 94; broad front, 102-103, 105, 

 124, 128, 137; distance, 103, 

 116, 123, 129, 136, 161; 

 "pressure-pattern," 104-106; 

 in snow, 106, fog, 163-167, 

 and rain, 167-169, 174; and 

 breeding cycle, 107-108, 122- 

 127; traditional, 111, 137, 

 206, 207, 217-258 passim; 

 wandering during, 111, 113, 

 207-213; reverse, 112-113, 

 132-133; deflection of, 130, 

 131, 175, 198, 211; definition, 

 135; anastrophic, 135-139; 

 diasporic, 135-146; molting 

 shifts, 139-144, 205; dimen- 

 sions of, 149-157; hazards of, 

 163-176; over cloud, 169- 

 170; oceanic, 177-185; radar 

 influence on, 189-191; of fish, 

 209; of captive-reared ducks, 

 236. See also Age as deter- 

 minant, Altitude of flight, 

 Atmospheric pressure, Fall 

 migration, Navigation, Orien- 

 tation, Sex as determinant, 

 Spring migration. 

 Migrational drift: with bad 

 weather, 175, 198; with 

 movement of air masses, 

 208-213, 234 

 Migratory divide, 121, 130-131 

 Minnedosa, Manitoba, 171, 256 

 Minnesota, 6, 99, 102, 105, 116, 

 117, 120, 129, 152, 160, 161, 

 168, 195, 228, 243-248, 250, 

 251, 253, 257 



