Mississippi Valley, 100, 121, 



170, 198, 243, 244 

 Missouri, 105, 127, 244 

 Molting shift, 139-144, 205 

 Montana, 248, 257 

 Morris, Manitoba, 117, 131 

 Mottled Duck, 239-240 



Natal environment, 39, 50-52, 

 83, 86, 195-196, 238, 241- 

 242 



Navigation, 192, 194-205: by 

 reference to sun, 37, 84, 156- 

 162, 192, 197-204, 212; in 

 wind, 55-61, 97, 184; by cal- 

 culated course, 58; by duf- 

 fer's course, 58-59. See also 

 Migration, Orientation. 



Nebraska, 105, 247, 248, 257 



Neepawa, Manitoba, 171 



Nest, nesting behavior: build- 

 ing, 16; identity of eggs, 19, 

 42; incubation, 19, 125; mov- 

 ing of nest, 19; requirements 

 for cover, 39, 42, 242; of cap- 

 tive-reared birds, 39, 235- 

 236; territory, 40-41, 85, 126, 

 140; orientation, 43, 53-54, 

 202; schedule, 123-124; ap- 

 petitive behavior, 124-126; 

 renesting, 125, 256; clutch 

 size, 256. See also Breeding 

 behavior, Breeding range. 



Netley Marsh, Manitoba, 6, 82 



Nevada, 248 



New York State, 112, 121, 173, 

 217, 225, 230, 235 



Newdale-Erickson district, Man- 

 itoba, 256 



Night migration, 21, 103, 114, 

 116, 118, 137-138, 165-174 



Noddy Tern, 198 



Nomenclature of birds, 284 



North Dakota, 102, 116, 119, 

 124, 148, 195, 248-251, 257 



Northern Eider, 240 



Northwest Territories, 251 



Oak Lake, Manitoba, 228 



Ocean: migration over, 177- 

 185; Pacific, 177-179, 181- 

 183, 202, 208; Atlantic, 180- 

 181, 185, 208 



Ohio, 12, 99, 100, 105, 165 



Old Squaw, 253 



Ontario, 211, 250 



Oregon, 248, 257 



Oregon Junco, 123 



Orientation, 30, 82-86, 110, 



151-162, 177-185, 192-213: 

 of duckling, 39, 50-52, 83, 

 86, 195-196, 257; of nesting 

 hen, 43, 53-54, 202; of blind- 

 folded bird, 64-72; of man, 

 192-193, 201-204. See also 

 Awareness of direction, Mi- 

 gration, Navigation, Percep- 

 tion. 



Oriole, Baltimore, 138, 144 



Osprey, 225 



Otolith organs, 62 



Overcast, influence of: on flight 

 schedule, 73; on orientation, 

 98, 104, 106, 161-162, 194, 

 197-201 



Owl, Great Horned, 62 



Pacific Eider, 240 



Pacific Ocean, 177, 179, 181- 

 183, 202, 208 



Pair formation, 16, 92, 236, 239 



Paroquet, Carolina, 246 



Parallax, 32-33 



Parent-child relation, 17, 19, 

 49-52, 92-94, 127, 206, 226, 

 240 



Partridge, Hungarian, 228 



Passenger Pigeon, 243, 256 



Pecten, 34, 36-37 



Pelican, White, 119 



Pennsylvania, 100 



Perception: of companions, 20- 

 28, 40-45; of depth and dis- 

 tance, 30-34; of color, 36; of 

 movement, 37-38; of specific 

 environment, 39-42; of wind, 

 55-72, 197, 205-213; of 

 guides to travel, 82-86, 154- 

 156, 179-183, 194-205; of 

 magnetic pole, 186, 191, 193; 

 of radar and radio waves, 

 186-191; of Coriolis force, 

 187, 194, 200. See also Aware- 

 ness. 



Perceptual world, 29-45, 73-86 



Petrel, Leach's, 200 



Pheasant, English, 234 



Pigeon, Domestic (Homing), 

 186-187, 190, 197-201 



Pigeon, Passenger, 243, 256 



Pigeon Hawk, 34, 35 



Pine Siskin, 233 



Pink-footed Goose, 139 



Pintail, 5, 8, 18, 21, 22, 26, 62, 

 66, 68, 248: juvenile environ- 

 ment, 39; nesting, 39, 242; 

 stubble flights, 75, 222; mi- 

 gration, 107-109, 115, 118, 



SUBJECT INDEX 



119, 122-123, 133, 136, 139- 

 142, 145, 177, 179, 184, 198, 

 239; transplanting, 235; hunt- 

 ing of, 255 



Pioneering, 52, 227-236 



Plover, Black-bellied, 12 



Plover, Golden, 144, 171, 183 



Plover, Binged, 43 



Plover, Upland, 234, 247-248 



Plumage. See Eclipse plumage 

 and molt. 



Polynesians, 202 



Population, breeding densities, 

 249-252 



Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, 

 123 



Portage Plains, Manitoba, 119, 

 229 



Post - breeding dispersal, 107- 

 109, 139-144 



Pothole region as breeding 

 range, 249-252 



Prairie Chicken, 228, 246 



Pre-Cambrian Shield, 96, 211 



Pressure-pattern flying, 104. See 

 also Atmospheric pressure. 



Prospective behavior, 53-54 



Psi, 193 



Pymatuning Lake, 100 



Babbit, Cottontail, 228 



Bacial variation, 237-242 



Badar and radio, influence on 

 birds, 186-191 



Bandom movement, 200. See 

 also Wandering. 



Baven, 246 



Bed Biver of the North, 102, 

 121, 131, 229 



Bed-backed Shrike, 190 



Bed-breasted Merganser, 122 



Bedhead, 8, 22, 24, 26, 62, 66- 

 68, 79, 234, 248: juvenile en- 

 vironment, 39; migration, 95, 

 104, 108-109, 120, 122, 144, 

 167, 175; wintering grounds, 

 219; nesting, 223; pioneering, 

 228-229; hunting of, 254-255 



Bed-tailed Hawk, 119, 133, 171 



Bed-wing. See Blackbird, Bed- 

 winged. 



Belativity: of space, 86; of time, 

 86, 151-156; of motion, 86, 

 149-156, 172, 177, 183-185 



Beleasers, social, 22-27, 42-45 



Bemating, 126 



Benesting, 126, 256 



Bennie, Manitoba, 242 



Beproductive cycle, 107-108, 



299 



