addition to protective coloration, animals have other 

 methods of resisting the attacks of their enemies and for 

 capturing their prey. 



The swift flight of some mammals constitutes their 

 chief means of defense. These forms depend upon their 

 ability to outdistance their pursuers. Others have large 

 teeth and powerful jaws which are quite capable of 

 seriously injuring their adversaries. Some mammals 

 have long, sharp claws which can do considerable 

 damage. A long hair coat, possessed by certain ani- 

 mals, has been previously discussed from the standpoint 

 of the protection it aflfords its possessor. Some animals 

 take to water as a means of escape, and these are usually 

 well equipped for diving and swimming. 



Modified hairs, like the quills of the porcupine, 

 the scales of the armadillo, and the horns of deer, 

 serve admirably for defensive purposes. Many forms 

 are able to scamper up trees or to dart into narrow 

 underground passages and thus get out of reach of pos- 

 sible enemies. The borrowing forms invariably have 

 several exits to insure escape, in case their burrows are 

 invaded by enemy forms. 



Some mammals, such as the skunk, weasel and 

 otter, emit unpleasant odors to discourage the attacks 

 of other forms. 



There are other aspects of defense which space 

 forbids discussing, but the student will derive a real 

 pleasure in discovering the various ways and means 

 that animals have of protecting themselves against in- 

 numerable enemies. 



->S>C 31 >H«~ 



