VI PREFACE 



name operculare (already in use for an element of the gill-cover) 

 to both the splenial of the lower jaw and to the stapedial plate of 

 the ear bones. Certain terms (e.g., epiotic for a roofing bone of the 

 skull) have been discarded as they imply homologies which do not 

 exist. Few new terms have been introduced here, the most notable 

 case being for the parts which form the definitive vertebra, for 

 which no names showing the actual relations were available. These 

 examples illustrate the reasons for the terminology employed. 



The appended bibliography of nearly a thousand books and 

 papers has been selected from thousands of cards. To economize 

 space, most titles have been abbreviated, but in such a way as to 

 give some idea of the contents of the article. 



Acknowledgments are due to the University of California and 

 to its departments of Zoology and Anatomy for many faciUties 

 afforded me, and especially to Professor Joseph Grinnell for the 

 freedom of access to the skeletons in the Museum of Vertebrate 

 Zoology under his charge. 



J. S. KiNGSLEY. 

 Berkeley, California, 

 April 24, 1925. 



