114 T. GlLLMAN 



devoted to the underlying severe liver disease and its associated 

 metabolic repercussions. And I think the same criticism 

 probably applies to similar studies emanating from backward 

 countries, in which only a limited number of parameters have 

 been measured. 



I hope by giving you some idea of the kind of material with 

 which we deal in South Africa, that I have provided an outline 

 of some aspects of the problems of ageing as we see them in 

 relatively backward populations. It seems that the kind of 

 problems we encounter differ in many respects from those that 

 you describe among relatively well fed European populations. 

 On the other hand, since this is a conference on the method- 

 ology of ageing, I also hoped to indicate the need for defining, 

 with greater precision, the kind of investigations which are 

 required if, as I think they should be, the problems of ageing 

 are to be dealt with in terms of the total life patterns of 

 peoples differing profoundly in their nutritional states, from 

 birth to death, and whose physical environments also differ so 

 markedly as a result of climatic and socio-economic factors. 



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Berman, C. (1951). Primary Carcinoma of the Liver. London: Lewis. 



Gillman, J., and Gillman, T. (1948). Lancet, i, 169. 



Gillman, J., and Gillman, T. (1951). Perspectives in Human Malnu- 

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Gillman, J., Gillman, T., and Bryden, J. G. (1945). S. Afr. J. med. 

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Gillman, J., Mandelstam, J., and Gillman, T. (1945). S. Afr. J. med. 

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Gillman, T., Hathorn, M., and Penn, J. (1956). Brit. J. Cancer, 

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Sheldon, J. H. (1935). Haemochromatosis. Oxford University Press. 



