IntelliCxEnce and Emotion in Ageing 181 



been validated against an appropriate criterion for civilian 

 adjustment over a wide age range. 



Methodologically, there is a current need to develop more 

 appropriate and more adequate measures of intelligence and 

 of personality for long-term study over time. The intelligence 

 tests, used in research, differ in their factor composition. 

 Thurstone (1955), for instance, has produced evidence that 

 his seven "primary abilities" develop at different rates in the 

 age range from birth to maturity. If intelligence is multi- 

 faceted, the problem is made much more difficult. Neverthe- 

 less, reasonable estimates of the primary component can be 

 made. For a full understanding of cognitive growth and 

 development, however, a variety of different tests appraising 

 speed, "personal tempo", memory, space relation, vocabulary, 

 number competence, etc. must be validated. 



The greatest difficulty, currently, lies in the development of 

 useful measures of personality and personal adjustment. 

 Although the tests based on Rorschach's (1948) Psychodiag- 

 nostik open up an important area for test development, it will 

 be many years before an adequate series of such tests will be 

 available. The response of an individual to ambiguous or 

 unstructural stimuli suggests that perception is related to 

 personality, intelligence and experience. The isolation of 

 components will be a long-term task. 



The continuous appraisal of the ageing process thus de- 

 pends primarily on the development of more and better 

 psychological tests for cognitive processes, for personal 

 adjustment and for psychomotor behaviour. The very 

 limitations in tests and measurements for the psychological 

 fields is a stronger reason for the use of the combined overlap- 

 ping method in the collection of evidence for it is the method 

 that can be most flexibly used when new and better tests 

 become available. 



REFERENCES 



Anderson, J. L. (1939). J. Psychol, 8, 351. 

 Babcock, H. (1930). Arch. Psychol., N.Y., no. 117. 

 Balinsky, B. (1941). Genet. Psychol. Monogr., 23, 191. 



