THE PITUITARY BODY 



Liles as well as lymphocytes was found to infiltrate the orbital 

 tissues. Paulson particularly described degenerative changes 

 in the lacrimal glands sometimes associated with similar al- 

 terations in the extraocular muscles and, occasionally, in 

 the orbicularis oculi. Altered activity of the sympathetic 

 nervous system appears not to be a factor (Smelser). 



Eitel's observations (1936) are in accord with other views 

 that the action of thyrotropic hormone does not depend on 

 peripheral nerves innervating the thyroid. On the other 

 hand, Uhlenhuth (1937) believed that the effectiveness of 

 thyrotropic hormone in salamanders or guinea pigs is in- 

 creased if epinephrine or pilocarpine is also injected; however, 

 he was not certain that this phenomenon was due to action 

 on peripheral fibers of the autonomic nervous system. The 

 experiments of Scharrer and Gaupp (1935) led them to con- 

 clude that thyrotropic hormone is not secreted by dien- 

 cephalic "glands" (neurons of the supraoptic and paraven- 

 tricular nuclei). As a result of hypophysectomy, toads do 

 not molt. This defect is due to a deficiency of thyrotropic 

 hormone and is not corrected by the administration of as 

 many as three diencephalic "glands" rich in colloid. 



One aspect of the possible interrelationship of the gonads 

 and thyrotropic hormone has already been discussed in the 

 section dealing with the action of thyrotropic hormone on the 

 gaseous metabolism (p. 185). Certain other aspects of 

 this interrelationship remain for consideration.'^ Voss (1935) 

 was able to produce oviposition in the axolotl as many as 

 three times a year by the injection each time of 1 20 guinea pig 

 units of thyrotropic extract.'^ In confirmation of Riddle and 

 Krizenecky, Marza and Blinov (1936) found that the thyroid 

 of the pigeon appears histologically to be more active at 

 times of sexual activity and ovulation. According to Chouke, 

 Friedman, and Loeb (1935), mitotic activity in the guinea 



" See chap, iii, pp. 94-95. 



'■i Adams and Hilsman had shown that pituitary transplants cause oviposition. 



[186I 



