THE PITUITARY BODY 



mized rats by Fisher, Russell, and Cori (1936) and Russell 

 (1936). To some groups of animals glucose was fed after 

 fasting; the percentage which underwent oxidation was re- 

 duced. The respiratory quotient of fasted, hypophysecto- 

 mized rats receiving injections tended to be lower, i.e., some 

 carbohydrate was spared as is the case when a normal animal 

 fasts. Also, less muscle glycogen disappeared. Russell con- 

 cluded that the normal rat can deposit much more carbohy- 

 drate than the hypophysectomized animal, if anterior pitui- 

 tary extract be injected after a fast but before the administra- 

 tion of glucose. These observations were extended by Meyer, 

 Wade, and Cori (1937) who used normal rats. The animals 

 were fasted 24 hours, after which they received anterior pi- 

 tuitary extract intraperitoneally. A short time later glucose 

 was fed. The extract produced two principal effects: (i) the 

 amount of carbohydrate oxidized was markedly reduced (fol- 

 lowing the injection of active extract, the respiratory quo- 

 tient was 0.77, whereas after inactivated extract it was 0,88), 

 and (2) the carbohydrate spared appeared to be distributed 

 among the liver, striated muscle, and blood and tissue fluids. 

 More than two-thirds was stored in the liver and striated 

 muscle. Bennett (1937) found that, for a short time only, a 

 crude anterior pituitary extract will restore the muscle glyco- 

 gen to a normal level in hypophysectomized rats. He could 

 not demonstrate "antihormone" in the blood of animals 

 which received much less benefit from repeated injections. 

 An increase in the deposition of glycogen in the liver and 

 probably in striated muscle was demonstrated by Young 

 (1937), who injected anterior pituitary extract into fasting 

 mice and rabbits. He suggests that gluconeogenesis from fat 

 (glycerol?) may be an important part of the effect (rather 

 than a depression of carbohydrate oxidation) or that another 

 principle is responsible for glycogen deposition. 



''Pancreatropic'' effects of extracts of the pars glandularis. — 

 Several years ago Anselmino and Hofl'mann published their 

 first reports on the "pancreatropic" hormone of the pars 



[224] 



