PARS GLANDULARIS AND METABOLISM 



sectomy modifies pancreatic diabetes. So far as the toad is 

 concerned, Slome (1936) confirmed in another species, 

 Xenopus laevis^ observations of Houssay and Biasotti who 

 used Bufo arenarum. If hypophysectomy be performed first 

 and the pancreas be removed later, the concentration of 

 sugar in the blood of Xeyiopus does not rise above about 

 40 mg. per cent about 12 hours after the second operation, 

 whereas after pancreatectomy alone it reaches a level of 

 about 230 mg. per cent under similar conditions.''^ 



All the other observations were made for the purpose of 

 studying diflferent aspects of metabolism in hypophysecto- 

 mized-depancreatized dogs ("Houssay dogs").^" The metab- 

 olism of isolated tissues of hypophysectomized-depancrea- 

 tized dogs was studied by Shorr, Richardson, and Sweet 

 (1936) and by Fazekas, Campbell, and Himwich (1937). Ac- 

 cording to Shorr and his colleagues, the metabolism of excised 

 skeletal muscle of doubly operated dogs is like that of normal 

 dogs rather than that of depancreatized dogs, e.g., in capac- 

 ity to utilize added lactate. On the other hand, Fazekas, 

 Campbell, and Himwich concluded that the metabolism of 

 isolated renal tissue of hypophysectomized-depancreatized 

 dogs resembles that of depancreatized dogs, because oxida- 

 tion of lactate but not of glucose takes place. 



The experiments of Chambers, Sweet, and Chandler (1937) 

 led them to conclude that relatively little carbohydrate can 

 be oxidized by hypophysectomized-depancreatized dogs. If 

 such dogs were on a diet of meat and carbohydrate, the post- 

 absorptive respiratory quotient was only 0,76. The injection 

 of 50 gm. of glucose daily might or might not elevate the 

 respiratory quotient (+0.05); however 20-80 per cent of the 

 glucose administered appeared in the urine. Carbohydrate- 



" Slome found that the level of the blood sugar of fasting normal toads was 35 

 mg. per cent in animals on a black background, and 26 mg. per cent in animals on a 

 white background. 



^° Kepinov (1936) reported that the blood of depancreatized dogs contains a sub- 

 stance producing hyperglycemia but that this substance cannot be detected in the 

 blood if hypophysectomy has also been performed. 



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